Little information exists on establishment vigor differences among fine fescue taxa (Festuca L. spp.) and on the effects N fertilizer levels or clover (Trifolium L. spp.)-inclusion during establishment. Five replicated field experiments in Indiana, Minnesota, and Oregon were conducted from 2019 to 2021. Data collection continued for 9 mo after planting to investigate differences among four fine fescue taxa and determine optimal N fertility or clover-inclusion programs for the establishment of fine fescue taxa. Six N fertilizer levels ranged from 0 to 122.5 kg N ha⁻¹ during the 8 wk after planting, and two treatments included clover-inclusion + 0 kg N ha⁻¹ at seeding. The three taxa of the Festuca rubra complex—strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin), slender creeping red fescue [F. rubra ssp. littoralis (G. Mey.) Auquier], and Chewings fescue (F. rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin)—were similar to one another and required the shortest amount of time until 90% establishment (i.e., faster establishment) compared with hard fescue (Festuca brevipila Tracey). Providing 24.5 kg N ha⁻¹ at seeding hastened establishment of all fine fescues compared with no N fertilizer (0 kg N ha⁻¹). Applying 49 kg N ha⁻¹ at establishment provided faster establishment than the 24.5 kg N ha⁻¹ treatment; however, treatments receiving 73.5–122.5 kg N ha⁻¹ during the first 8 wk after planting provided a similar rate of establishment as 49 kg N ha⁻¹. Inclusion of clover with fine fescue resulted in slower establishment than fertilizer levels of ≥24.5 kg N ha⁻¹.

中文翻译：

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氮肥和三叶草对细羊茅类群建立的影响

关于细羊茅类群 ( Festuca L. spp.) 之间的建立活力差异以及建立期间氮肥水平或三叶草 ( Trifolium L. spp.) 的影响的信息很少。从 2019 年到 2021 年，在印第安纳州、明尼苏达州和俄勒冈州进行了五次重复的田间试验。数据收集在种植后持续 9 个月，以研究四种细羊茅类群之间的差异，并确定用于建立细羊茅的最佳 N 肥力或三叶草包含方案分类群。在播种后的 8 周内，六种 N 肥料水平范围为 0 至 122.5 kg N ha ^{-1 ，两个处理包括播种时加入三叶草 + 0 kg N ha -1}。Festuca rubra的三个分类群复合型——强匍匐红羊茅（F. rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin），细长匍匐红羊茅[ F. rubra ssp. littoralis (G. Mey.) Auquier] 和 Chewings fescue ( F. rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin ) — 彼此相似，与硬羊茅相比，需要最短的时间才能完成 90% 的建立（即更快的建立）。Festuca brevipila Tracey）。与不施氮肥（0 kg N ha ^-1）相比，在播种时提供 24.5 kg N ha ^{-1加速了所有细羊茅的建立。}施用 49 kg N ha ^{-1与 24.5 kg N ha -1}处理相比，在建立时提供了更快的建立速度；然而，在种植后的前 8 周内接受 73.5–122.5 kg N ha ^{-1的处理提供了与 49 kg N ha -1}相似的定植率。与≥24.5 kg N ha ^-1的肥料水平相比，将三叶草与细羊茅一起加入会导致更慢的建立速度。