The year 1900 saw not only the rediscovery of Mendel's hybridization studies but also the publication by Karl Pearson of his newly developed tetrachoric correlation which he used to study the parent–offspring resemblance for the “insane diathesis” in 1905. This was followed by more detailed reports by two of his students/associates: Heron in 1907 and Goring in 1909. Both calculated the tetrachoric correlation for insanity in parent–offspring and Heron for sib–sib pairs. Estimates ranged from approximately +0.30 to +0.60. These papers were statistically sophisticated but demonstrated minimal interest in the phenotype being studied. They are of historical interest because they laid the groundwork for biometrical psychiatric genetics which emerged as a major research paradigm in latter third of the 20th century. In a biting critique of Heron's paper by a young Ernst Rüdin, we see the beginnings of a long-running argument in psychiatric genetics about the relative value of detailed phenotyping versus novel statistical methods and of Mendelian versus Biometrical methods. While much interest has focused on the eugenic orientation of German psychiatric genetics in the early 20th century, these early British biometrical geneticists, like the majority of geneticists of that day, were also ardent advocates of the eugenic application of their research results.

中文翻译：

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生物测定精神病学遗传学的开端：1905-1909 年疯狂素质的研究

1900 年不仅重新发现了孟德尔的杂交研究，而且卡尔·皮尔森 (Karl Pearson) 发表了他新开发的四角相关性，他用它来研究 1905 年“疯狂素质”的亲子相似性。随后更详细他的两个学生/同事的报告：Heron 在 1907 年和 Goring 在 1909 年。两者都计算了父母-后代精神错乱的四角相关性和同胞-同胞对的 Heron。估计范围从大约 +0.30 到 +0.60。这些论文在统计上很复杂，但对正在研究的表型表现出的兴趣很小。它们具有历史意义，因为它们为生物测定精神病学遗传学奠定了基础，后者在 20 世纪后半叶成为主要的研究范式。在对苍鹭的严厉批评中 在年轻的 Ernst Rüdin 的论文中，我们看到了精神遗传学中关于详细表型与新统计方法以及孟德尔与生物统计学方法的相对价值的长期争论的开始。尽管人们对 20 世纪初德国精神病学遗传学的优生取向非常感兴趣，但这些早期的英国生物统计学遗传学家与当时的大多数遗传学家一样，也是他们研究成果优生应用的热心倡导者。