The goal of this study was to examine how individual, community, and socio-political mechanisms of discrimination intersect, manifest, and perpetuate in the lives of refugees in the United States. Using grounded theory, the authors present a systemic, intersectional model exploring refugees’ discrimination experiences based on individual interviews with 22 refugees and 23 staff members working with this population. Findings revealed that discrimination of refugees appears and functions (1) as individual perceived experiences, (2) within multiple axes of oppression, (3) through community environments, and (4) under socio-political contexts. Moreover, findings highlight the need to explore and understand how political and community climates perpetuate individual, interpersonal, institutional, and systemic discrimination of refugees. Implications for counselors and future research are discussed.

本研究的目的是研究个人、社区和社会政治歧视机制如何在美国难民的生活中相互交叉、表现和延续。使用扎根理论，作者提出了一个系统的交叉模型，基于对 22 名难民和 23 名与该人群一起工作的工作人员的个人访谈，探索难民的歧视经历。研究结果表明，对难民的歧视出现并发挥作用：(1) 作为个人感知体验，(2) 在多个压迫轴内，(3) 通过社区环境，以及 (4) 在社会政治背景下。此外，研究结果强调有必要探索和理解政治和社区气候如何使难民的个人、人际、制度和系统歧视长期存在。