We report the first case of a patient with myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) who presented acutely with a rib fracture and developed a rapidly expanding loculated hemothorax after chest trauma. The patient was taken to the operating room for evacuation of hemothorax, and samples and biopsy specimens were taken for cytologic and pathologic examination. Final report with immunohistochemical staining showed a high-grade MFS. After the procedure, there was clinical and radiological improvement, and the patient was followed up as an outpatient. Myxofibrosarcoma is a very rare and aggressive connective tissue neoplasm with variable presentations. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment. Prompt diagnosis and adequate management of these tumors are important to reduce their high local recurrence and distant metastasis rates. Therefore, it is important to be aware of its common and uncommon presentations.

我们报告了第一例患有粘液纤维肉瘤 (MFS) 的患者，该患者因急性肋骨骨折就诊，并在胸部外伤后出现迅速扩大的包裹性血胸。患者被送往手术室清除血胸，取标本和活检标本进行细胞学和病理学检查。免疫组化染色的最终报告显示高级别 MFS。手术后，临床和放射学均有改善，患者作为门诊患者进行随访。粘液纤维肉瘤是一种非常罕见的侵袭性结缔组织肿瘤，表现多样。手术切除是首选治疗方法。对这些肿瘤进行及时诊断和充分管理对于降低其高局部复发率和远处转移率非常重要。所以，