The current study elaborates on the capabilities of ultrasonic waves in improving the conventional method for analysis of banned aromatic amines in dyed textile samples. Wool, linen and cotton were dyed according to their relative affinity with a selected benzidine-based dye, CI Direct Red 28. The standard procedure, BS EN 14362-1:2012, was used for testing dyed textile samples, with final estimation through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dyed samples, after reduction, released a significant quantity of benzidine (listed banned amine), hence were chosen for experiments with ultrasound-assisted reduction (UAR). To explore the influence of ultrasound energy on the reduction of bis azo dye, the standard procedure for analysis of banned aromatic amines in textiles was modified incorporating minor changes. The reduction step in the altered methods was performed with ultrasonic aid in less time, while the rest of the method remained unmodified. The altered procedure was designated as “method 2”. Samples were quantified with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The extent of the reduction was correlated with wetting characteristics of textile materials. The results from the standard test procedure were used for comparison with those obtained from UAR trials. The UAR method in the case of wool, assessed in terms of greenness, provided noticeable time and energy savings. A comparative account of the chosen matrices with respect to dye reduction is also presented.

中文翻译：

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超声波辅助将双偶氮染料还原为天然纺织纤维上的芳香胺：一种更环保的方法

目前的研究详细阐述了超声波在改进常规分析染色纺织品样品中禁用芳香胺的方法方面的能力。羊毛、亚麻和棉花根据它们与选定的基于联苯胺的染料 CI Direct Red 28 的相对亲和力进行染色。标准程序 BS EN 14362-1:2012 用于测试染色的纺织品样品，通过气体进行最终估计色谱-质谱法。染色样品在还原后释放出大量的联苯胺（列出的禁用胺），因此被选择用于超声辅助还原 (UAR) 实验。为了探索超声能量对双偶氮染料还原的影响，对纺织品中禁用芳香胺分析的标准程序进行了修改，并进行了微小的改动。改变方法中的还原步骤在更短的时间内使用超声波辅助进行，而其余方法保持不变。改变的程序被指定为“方法2”。用气相色谱-质谱法对样品进行量化。减少的程度与纺织材料的润湿特性相关。标准测试程序的结果用于与 UAR 试验获得的结果进行比较。在羊毛的情况下，根据绿色度评估的 UAR 方法显着节省了时间和能源。还介绍了所选基质在染料还原方面的比较说明。用气相色谱-质谱法对样品进行量化。减少的程度与纺织材料的润湿特性相关。标准测试程序的结果用于与 UAR 试验获得的结果进行比较。在羊毛的情况下，根据绿色度评估的 UAR 方法显着节省了时间和能源。还介绍了所选基质在染料还原方面的比较说明。用气相色谱-质谱法对样品进行量化。减少的程度与纺织材料的润湿特性相关。标准测试程序的结果用于与 UAR 试验获得的结果进行比较。在羊毛的情况下，根据绿色度评估的 UAR 方法显着节省了时间和能源。还介绍了所选基质在染料还原方面的比较说明。