Annual rotations of paddy rice with upland crops has become more popular in recent years under the increasing pressure to ensure food security. Five representative paddy-upland rotations (PURs), i.e., garlic-rice (GR), wheat-rice (WR), broad bean-rice (BR), rapeseed-rice (RR), and potato-rice (PR) under two nitrogen (N) treatments were assessed from 2014 to 2017 to investigate the effects of PURs on paddy productivity and the regulatory effects of N fertilizer. Results showed that different PURs influenced the growth of tillers and leaves in the vegetative growth stage, leading to differences in effective tiller number, heading-stage canopy structure, and dry matter accumulation, resulting in significant differences in rice yield. With N application (NA), rice yields of GR and PR with straw mulching were higher than those of RR and WR rotations. Without N application (CK), rice yield in PR was only lower than that in the BR rotation. Compared with the other four PURs, rice yields under WR were the lowest, with decreases of 3.7% and 12.5% under NA and CK conditions, respectively. In conclusion, preceding crop and N application significantly affect paddy productivity by influencing rice vegetative growth. The WR rotation does not seem conducive to sustainable paddy productivity under traditional cultivation methods, whereas, the PR cropping system shows potential for sustainable crop production. Particular attention should be paid to upland crop selection and crop management practice, especially regarding C and N inputs, to ensure ssustainable production of paddy rice.

近年来，在确保粮食安全的压力越来越大的情况下，水稻与旱作作物的年度轮作越来越受欢迎。五种具有代表性的水稻-旱地轮作（PUR），即大蒜-水稻（GR）、小麦-水稻（WR）、蚕豆-水稻（BR）、油菜-水稻（RR）和马铃薯-水稻（PR）。从 2014 年到 2017 年对氮 (N) 处理进行了评估，以研究 PUR 对水稻生产力的影响和氮肥的调节作用。结果表明，不同的PURs在营养生长期影响分蘖和叶片的生长，导致有效分蘖数、抽穗期冠层结构和干物质积累量的差异，导致水稻产量差异显着。在施氮（NA）的情况下，GR 和 PR 稻草覆盖的水稻产量高于 RR 和 WR 轮作。在不施氮（CK）的情况下，PR 的水稻产量仅低于 BR 轮作的产量。与其他四种 PUR 相比，WR 下水稻产量最低，NA 和 CK 条件下分别下降 3.7% 和 12.5%。总之，前茬和施氮通过影响水稻营养生长显着影响水稻生产力。在传统耕作方法下，WR 轮作似乎不利于可持续的水稻生产力，而 PR 种植系统显示出可持续作物生产的潜力。应特别注意旱地作物的选择和作物管理实践，尤其是 C 和 N 投入，以确保水稻的可持续生产。WR 下水稻产量最低，NA 和 CK 条件下分别下降 3.7% 和 12.5%。总之，前茬和施氮通过影响水稻营养生长显着影响水稻生产力。在传统耕作方法下，WR 轮作似乎不利于可持续的水稻生产力，而 PR 种植系统显示出可持续作物生产的潜力。应特别注意旱地作物的选择和作物管理实践，尤其是 C 和 N 投入，以确保水稻的可持续生产。WR 下水稻产量最低，NA 和 CK 条件下分别下降 3.7% 和 12.5%。总之，前茬和施氮通过影响水稻营养生长显着影响水稻生产力。在传统耕作方法下，WR 轮作似乎不利于可持续的水稻生产力，而 PR 种植系统显示出可持续作物生产的潜力。应特别注意旱地作物的选择和作物管理实践，尤其是 C 和 N 投入，以确保水稻的可持续生产。在传统耕作方法下，WR 轮作似乎不利于可持续的水稻生产力，而 PR 种植系统显示出可持续作物生产的潜力。应特别注意旱地作物的选择和作物管理实践，尤其是 C 和 N 投入，以确保水稻的可持续生产。在传统耕作方法下，WR 轮作似乎不利于可持续的水稻生产力，而 PR 种植系统显示出可持续作物生产的潜力。应特别注意旱地作物的选择和作物管理实践，尤其是 C 和 N 投入，以确保水稻的可持续生产。