The nitration of chlorobenzene with concentrated mixed acids is a fast and highly exothermic process, which suffers from considerable mass transfer resistance and poor heat transfer rates. The reaction kinetics has not been thoroughly reported before. In this work, a continuous-flow microreactor system and a homogeneous reaction condition were proposed to obtain accurate chlorobenzene nitration kinetics parameters at high mixed acid concentrations. A general model for predicting the observed reaction rate constants was established. With a new method for estimating the equilibria associated with HNO₃ in aqueous sulfuric acid, the rate constants based on nitronium ion and activation energies were obtained. Compared with batch reactors, the continuous-flow microreactor system allows for a sufficient heat transfer efficiency and accurate residence time control, making it possible to study the reaction performance more quickly and sensitively. This work may provide a reliable reference for the kinetic study of similar processes.

中文翻译：

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使用均匀连续微流测定氯苯硝化动力学

浓混合酸硝化氯苯是一个快速、高放热的过程，具有相当大的传质阻力和较差的传热率。反应动力学以前没有被彻底报道过。在这项工作中，提出了一种连续流动的微反应器系统和均相反应条件，以在高混合酸浓度下获得准确的氯苯硝化动力学参数。建立了用于预测观察到的反应速率常数的通用模型。用一种新的方法来估计与 HNO _{3相关的平衡}在硫酸水溶液中，获得了基于硝鎓离子和活化能的速率常数。与间歇反应器相比，连续流微反应器系统具有足够的传热效率和准确的停留时间控制，可以更快速、更灵敏地研究反应性能。该工作可为类似过程的动力学研究提供可靠的参考。