Background Lateral flow immunoassays are widely used as diagnostic tests in many applications in human and other diagnostic areas. Assays for human applications have been commercially available since the 1980s and initially were primarily used to identify pregnancy by measuring human chorionic gonadotropin in urine and serum/plasma. Content The first infectious disease lateral flow assays were commercialized in the late 1980s identifying the presence of Group A Streptococcus pyogenes collected with throat swabs; innumerable other applications followed in the intervening decades. The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought a vast number of new assays for which emergency use authorization (EUA) has been requested in the USA. These assays have been designed for detection of the antibody response to an infection and viral antigens in respiratory samples. In view of the onslaught of new tests, this review will focus on the use of rapid lateral flow immunoassays for infectious diseases. Principles of lateral flow assays and approaches to the production of high-sensitivity point-of-care assays are presented. Market trends, customer requirements, and future directions of lateral flow assay technology and its applications in the infectious disease diagnostic space are discussed. Summary Lateral flow immunoassays play an important role in infectious disease diagnostics. Advancements in technology have led to improved performance of these assays and acceptance by professional users. With the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the market has reached new levels requiring hundreds of millions of tests per year for professional and even home use.

中文翻译：

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传染病诊断中的侧流分析

背景 横向流动免疫测定在人类和其他诊断领域的许多应用中被广泛用作诊断测试。自 1980 年代以来，用于人体应用的检测方法已经上市，最初主要用于通过测量尿液和血清/血浆中的人绒毛膜促性腺激素来识别怀孕。内容 1980 年代后期，第一个传染病侧向流动测定法商业化，确定了用咽拭子收集的 A 组化脓性链球菌的存在；在随后的几十年中，出现了无数其他应用。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 大流行带来了大量新的检测方法，美国已申请紧急使用授权 (EUA)。这些测定法设计用于检测对呼吸道样本中感染和病毒抗原的抗体反应。鉴于新测试的冲击，本综述将重点关注快速侧向流动免疫测定法在传染病中的应用。介绍了侧向流动检测的原理和生产高灵敏度即时检测检测的方法。讨论了横向流动检测技术的市场趋势、客户需求和未来方向及其在传染病诊断领域的应用。总结 横向流动免疫测定在传染病诊断中发挥着重要作用。技术的进步导致这些检测的性能得到改善，并被专业用户接受。随着 SARS-CoV-2 大流行的到来，