Early direction-selective neurons in the primary visual cortex are widely considered to be the main neural basis underlying motion perception even though motion perception can also rely on attentively tracking the position of objects. Because of their small receptive fields, early direction-selective neurons suffer from the aperture problem, which is assumed to be overcome by integrating inputs from many early direction-selective neurons. Because the perceived motion of objects sometimes depends on static form information and does not always match the mean direction of local motion signals, the general consensus is that motion integration is form dependent and complex. Based on the fact that early direction-selective neurons respond to motion only within a short temporal window, the present study used stroboscopic motion to test their contribution to motion perception of objects. For conditions under which the perceived motion was impaired by stroboscopic motion, the perceived motion matched the mean direction of local motion signals and was form independent. For classic conditions under which the perceived motion could not be explained by a simple form independent averaging of local motion signals, neutralizing the contribution of early direction-selective neurons using stroboscopic motion had little impact on the perceived motion, which demonstrates that the perceived motion relied on position tracking, not on early direction-selective neurons. When the perceived motion relies on position tracking, assuming that motion perception relies on early direction-selective neurons can lead to erroneously postulate the existence of complex or form-dependent integration of inputs from early direction-selective neurons. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

中文翻译：

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假孔径问题：没有整合局部运动信号的全局运动感知。

初级视觉皮层中的早期方向选择神经元被广泛认为是运动感知的主要神经基础，尽管运动感知也可以依赖于专注地跟踪物体的位置。由于它们的小感受野，早期方向选择性神经元遭受孔径问题，假设通过整合来自许多早期方向选择性神经元的输入来克服该问题。因为物体的感知运动有时依赖于静态的形式信息，并不总是与局部运动信号的平均方向相匹配，所以普遍的共识是运动积分是形式相关的和复杂的。基于早期方向选择性神经元仅在短时间窗口内对运动作出反应这一事实，本研究使用频闪运动来测试它们对物体运动感知的贡献。对于频闪运动损害感知运动的条件，感知运动与局部运动信号的平均方向相匹配，并且与形式无关。对于感知运动不能通过局部运动信号的简单形式独立平均来解释的经典条件，使用频闪运动中和早期方向选择神经元的贡献对感知运动几乎没有影响，这表明感知运动依赖于关于位置跟踪，而不是早期的方向选择神经元。当感知运动依赖于位置跟踪时，假设运动感知依赖于早期的方向选择神经元，可能会导致错误地假设存在来自早期方向选择神经元的输入的复杂或形式相关的整合。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）