Abstract

New methods for extracting cobalt and zinc ions from sulfuric acid solutions, of silver and lead ions from nitric acid solutions, and of copper ions from hydrochloric acid solutions with liquid membranes based on di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid under conditions of galvanostatic electrodialysis with cathodic electrodeposition of metals are presented. Almost complete (93–100%) extraction from aqueous solutions with an initial concentration of metal salts of 0.01 M was achieved within 0.5–5.0 h of electrodialysis. The criterion of complete extraction of metal ions into a liquid membrane is an abrupt voltage rise in the galvanostatic mode of the process. The effects of the composition of the cathode solution, metal and acid concentration in the initial solution, composition of the organic liquid membrane, and current density of electrodialysis on the rate of extraction and electrodeposition of metal ions were studied. The optimum conditions for the processes were determined. Finely crystalline cobalt, silver, and lead cathode deposits with good adhesion to the electrode were obtained by electrodeposition from dilute perchloric acid solutions; high-quality copper coatings were obtained from sulfuric acid solutions; and zinc coatings, from hydrochloric acid solutions.

中文翻译：

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在金属电沉积的电渗析条件下用二（2-乙基己基）磷酸膜萃取 Ag(I)、Co(II)、Cu(II)、Pb(II) 和 Zn(II) 离子

摘要

用基于二（2-乙基己基）磷酸的液膜在恒电流电渗析条件下从硫酸溶液中提取钴和锌离子、从硝酸溶液中提取银和铅离子以及从盐酸溶液中提取铜离子的新方法介绍了金属的阴极电沉积。在电渗析的 0.5-5.0 小时内，从初始浓度为 0.01 M 的金属盐水溶液中几乎完全（93-100%）提取。将金属离子完全提取到液膜中的标准是该过程的恒电流模式下电压的突然升高。阴极溶液组成、初始溶液中金属和酸浓度、有机液膜组成的影响，研究了电渗析电流密度对金属离子提取和电沉积速率的影响。确定了工艺的最佳条件。通过从稀高氯酸溶液中电沉积获得与电极具有良好粘附性的精细结晶钴、银和铅阴极沉积物；从硫酸溶液中获得高质量的铜涂层；和锌涂层，来自盐酸溶液。