The impact induced dynamic response and the failure behavior of aircraft structures continues to be a critical aeronautical engineering challenge in order to improve the passenger survivability after aircraft. It is the objective of this special issue to provide a review of the work at the University of Naples Federico II on failure modes of composite materials and structures and on techniques for impact detection and damage characterization. This review consists of six papers, starting with a review of the bird impact process and the validation of the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) impact model for aircraft structures, followed by a paper on the design of a passenger seat with improved safety while minimizing cost and weight in compliance with prescribed certification rules. Two papers are dedicated to the description of the impact behavior of composite laminates and of the ultrasound propagation in composite laminates. An additional paper presents an overview of experimental techniques for impact detection and of a novel method combining deep learning and wave propagation-based methods to sense impacts that induce excitation spectra at low (modal) or medium-high frequency range through piezo-patches installed on the structure. The final paper provides an overview of the analytical and numerical modelling techniques for guided wave propagation studies and strategies for the implementation of Structural Health Monitoring systems.

为了提高飞机后乘客的生存能力，撞击引起的动态响应和飞机结构的失效行为仍然是一个关键的航空工程挑战。本期特刊的目的是回顾那不勒斯费德里科二世大学在复合材料和结构的失效模式以及冲击检测和损伤表征技术方面的工作。这篇综述由六篇论文组成，首先是对鸟类撞击过程的回顾和飞机结构的光滑粒子流体动力学 (SPH) 撞击模型的验证，然后是一篇关于在提高安全性的同时最大限度地降低成本的乘客座椅设计的论文和重量符合规定的认证规则。两篇论文致力于描述复合层压板的冲击行为和复合层压板中的超声传播。另一篇论文概述了撞击检测的实验技术，以及一种结合深度学习和基于波传播的方法来感知撞击的新方法，这些撞击通过安装在低（模态）或中高频率范围内的压电贴片结构。最后一篇论文概述了导波传播研究的分析和数值建模技术以及结构健康监测系统实施的策略。另一篇论文概述了撞击检测的实验技术，以及一种结合深度学习和基于波传播的方法来感知撞击的新方法，这些撞击通过安装在低（模态）或中高频率范围内的压电贴片结构。最后一篇论文概述了导波传播研究的分析和数值建模技术以及结构健康监测系统实施的策略。另一篇论文概述了撞击检测的实验技术，以及一种结合深度学习和基于波传播的方法来感知撞击的新方法，这些撞击通过安装在低（模态）或中高频率范围内的压电贴片结构。最后一篇论文概述了导波传播研究的分析和数值建模技术以及结构健康监测系统实施的策略。