Selection during plant domestication and improvement often decreases genetic variation, including variation that confers adaptation to local conditions. We report spatial and temporal variation in fitness (seed yield), local adaptation, and segregating genetic variation within three races of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with differing domestication histories and genetic diversities. Three-hundred and twenty-seven common bean genotypes had seed yield measured at subsets of 70 sites across North America between 1981 and 2015, as part of the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery (CDBN). We estimated local adaptation using the metric home field advantage (HFA) and segregating genetic variation using heritability. The Durango and Mesoamerican races (Middle American genepool) had higher-than-expected (p = .002) HFA, equal to up to 34 yr of average yield gains. Surprisingly, Nueva Granada (Andean genepool) and Durango yields became more heritable across the study period (p < .001), while Mesoamerican heritability decreased (p < .001). Both metrics detected diversity loss corresponding to the timings of major historical gene introgressions. Local adaptation remains an agronomically important phenomenon within some common bean races. Common bean adaptation to new conditions will be most rapid at locations with large local adaptation benefits and high heritability.

中文翻译：

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普通豆适应度和遗传力的局部到大陆尺度变化

植物驯化和改良过程中的选择通常会减少遗传变异，包括适应当地条件的变异。我们报告了具有不同驯化历史和遗传多样性的三个普通豆类（ Phaseolus vulgaris L.）的适应性（种子产量）、局部适应和分离遗传变异的空间和时间变化。作为合作干豆苗圃 (CDBN) 的一部分，1981 年至 2015 年间，在北美 70 个地点的子集测量了 327 种普通豆基因型的种子产量。我们使用公制主场优势 (HFA) 估计局部适应，并使用遗传力分离遗传变异。杜兰戈和中美洲人种（中美洲基因库）高于预期（p = .002) HFA，相当于最多 34 年的平均产量增长。令人惊讶的是，新格拉纳达（安第斯基因库）和杜兰戈的产量在整个研究期间变得更具可遗传性（p  < .001），而中美洲的遗传力下降（p  < .001）。这两个指标都检测到与主要历史基因渗入时间相对应的多样性损失。在一些常见的豆类中，局部适应仍然是一个重要的农艺现象。在具有较大局部适应效益和高遗传力的地方，普通豆对新条件的适应最快。