Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of dementia which is difficult to diagnose in DS. Neuroimaging has been identified as a potential tool to aid diagnosis by detecting changes in brain function. We carried out a review comparing functional neuroimaging in DS individuals with and without dementia. Summary: A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant studies. In DS subjects with dementia, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) studies showed glucose hypometabolism particularly in the parietal and/or temporal regions whilst magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed increased myoinositol and decreased N-acetylaspartate. Ligand-based PET studies revealed significant Pittsburgh compound B binding in DS subjects over the age of 40, particularly if they had dementia. Key Messages: Neuroimaging may aid the early detection of dementia in DS; however, further longitudinal studies are required.
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2021;11:324–332

中文翻译：

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唐氏综合症伴和不伴痴呆症患者的功能性神经影像学回顾

背景：患有唐氏综合症 (DS) 的人患痴呆症的风险很高，在 DS 中难以诊断。神经影像学已被确定为通过检测大脑功能变化来帮助诊断的潜在工具。我们进行了一项审查，比较了患有和不患有痴呆症的 DS 个体的功能性神经影像学。概括：使用 PubMed 进行文献检索以确定相关研究。在患有痴呆症的 DS 受试者中，氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 研究显示葡萄糖代谢减退，特别是在顶叶和/或颞叶区域，而磁共振波谱研究显示肌醇增加和 N-乙酰天冬氨酸减少。基于配体的 PET 研究显示，40 岁以上的 DS 受试者中存在显着的匹兹堡化合物 B 结合，特别是如果他们患有痴呆症。关键信息：神经影像学可能有助于早期发现 DS 中的痴呆；然而，还需要进一步的纵向研究。
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2021；11:324–332