The aim of this study was to develop inclusions formed by γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and three isothiocyanates (ITCs), including benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and 3-methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate (MTPITC) to improve their controlled release for the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These inclusion complexes were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), providing appropriate evidence to confirm the formation of inclusion complexes. Preliminary evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the different inclusion complexes, carried out in vitro by agar diffusion, showed that such activity lasted 5–7 days longer in γ-CD-BITC, in comparison with γ-CD-PEITC and γ-CD-MTPITC. The biofilm formation was less in S. aureus treated with γ-CD-BITC than that of BITC by using crystal violet quantification assay and SEM. The expression of virulence genes, including sarA, agr, cp5D, cp8F, clf, nuc, and spa, showed sustained downregulation in S. aureus treated with γ-CD-BITC for 24 h by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, the growth of S. aureus in cooked chicken breast treated with γ-CD-BITC and BITC was predicted by the Gompertz model. The lag time of γ-CD-BITC was 1.3–2.4 times longer than that of BITC, and correlation coefficient (R²) of the secondary models was 0.94–0.99, respectively. These results suggest that BITC has a more durable antibacterial effect against S. aureus after encapsulation by γ-CD.

中文翻译：

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异硫氰酸酯与 γ-环糊精包合物的表征用于提高对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性

本研究的目的是开发由 γ-环糊精 (γ-CD) 和三种异硫氰酸酯 (ITC) 形成的夹杂物，包括异硫氰酸苄酯 (BITC)、异硫氰酸苯乙酯 (PEITC) 和 3-甲基硫丙基异硫氰酸酯 (MTPITC)控释抑制金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus ））。使用 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 对这些包合物进行了表征，为确认包合物的形成提供了适当的证据。通过琼脂扩散在体外进行的不同包合复合物抗菌活性的初步评估表明，与 γ-CD-PEITC 和 γ-CD-相比，这种活性在 γ-CD-BITC 中持续时间长 5-7 天。 MTPITC。通过结晶紫定量测定和扫描电镜观察，用γ-CD-BITC处理的金黄色葡萄球菌的生物膜形成少于BITC。毒力基因的表达，包括sarA、agr、cp5D、cp8F、clf、nuc和spa显示通过定量实时聚合酶链反应 (qRT-PCR) 在用 γ-CD-BITC 处理 24 小时的金黄色葡萄球菌中持续下调。此外，通过 Gompertz 模型预测了用 γ-CD-BITC 和 BITC 处理的熟鸡胸肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。γ-CD-BITC的滞后时间是BITC的1.3~2.4倍，二级模型的相关系数（R ²）分别为0.94~0.99。这些结果表明BITC在被γ-CD包封后对金黄色葡萄球菌具有更持久的抗菌作用。