Background

Suicide is among the leading causes of death in children and adolescents. There are well-known risk factors of suicide, including childhood abuse, family conflicts, social adversity, and psychopathology. While suicide risk is also known to be heritable, few studies have investigated genetic risk in younger individuals.

Methods

Using polygenic risk score analysis, we examined whether genetic susceptibility to major psychiatric disorders is associated with suicidal behaviors among 11,878 children enrolled in the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt data were assessed using the youth report of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for DSM-5. After performing robust quality control of genotype data, unrelated individuals of European descent were included in analyses (n = 4344).

Results

Among 8 psychiatric disorders we examined, depression polygenic risk scores were associated with lifetime suicide attempts both in the baseline (odds ratio = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.10–2.18, p = 1.27 × 10⁻²) and in the follow-up year (odds ratio = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.08–1.77, p = 1.05 × 10⁻²), after adjusting for children’s age, sex, socioeconomic backgrounds, family history of suicide, and psychopathology. In contrast, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder polygenic risk scores were associated with lifetime suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05–1.26, p = 3.71 × 10⁻³), suggesting a distinct contribution of the genetic risk underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression on suicidal behaviors of children.

Conclusions

The largest genetic sample of suicide risk data in U.S. children suggests a significant genetic basis of suicide risk related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression. Further research is warranted to examine whether incorporation of genomic risk may facilitate more targeted screening and intervention efforts.

中文翻译：

---

注意缺陷/多动障碍和重度抑郁症与儿童自杀意念和企图的遗传关联：青少年大脑认知发展研究

背景

自杀是儿童和青少年死亡的主要原因之一。众所周知，自杀的危险因素包括童年虐待、家庭冲突、社会逆境和精神病理学。虽然自杀风险也被认为是可遗传的，但很少有研究调查年轻人的遗传风险。

方法

使用多基因风险评分分析，我们检查了对主要精神疾病的遗传易感性是否与参加 ABCD（青少年大脑认知发展）研究的 11,878 名儿童的自杀行为相关。自杀意念和自杀未遂数据使用 DSM-5 儿童情感障碍和精神分裂症时间表的青少年报告进行评估。在对基因型数据进行稳健的质量控制后，无关的欧洲血统个体被纳入分析 ( n  = 4344)。

结果

在我们检查的 8 种精神疾病中，抑郁症多基因风险评分与基线（比值比 = 1.55，95% CI = 1.10–2.18，p  = 1.27 × 10 ^-2）和后续年的终生自杀企图相关（比值比 = 1.38，95% CI = 1.08–1.77，p  = 1.05 × 10 ^-2），在针对儿童的年龄、性别、社会经济背景、自杀家族史和精神病理学进行调整后。相比之下，注意力缺陷/多动障碍多基因风险评分与终生自杀意念相关（比值比 = 1.15，95% CI = 1.05–1.26，p  = 3.71 × 10 ^-3)，表明注意力缺陷/多动障碍和抑郁症的遗传风险对儿童自杀行为有明显贡献。

结论

美国儿童自杀风险数据的最大遗传样本表明，与注意力缺陷/多动障碍和抑郁症相关的自杀风险具有重要的遗传基础。需要进一步的研究来检查基因组风险的纳入是否可以促进更有针对性的筛查和干预工作。