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Traits and underlying genetics important for low-input organic sorghum production
Crop Science ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-22 , DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20693
Richard E. Boyles 1, 2 , Arlyn Ackerman 1 , Stephen Kresovich 3, 4
Affiliation  

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a potential crop for organic production that could help meet the demand increase in organic food products and feed grains, but no efforts have been made to improve sorghum breeding tools, techniques, and methods for this cropping system. Based on revelations in other crops, focal traits and their prioritization to optimize sorghum for organic use likely differs from conventional sorghum breeding targets. This study evaluated yield performance, agronomic characteristics, and biotic stress resistance under certified organic practices in a range of grain sorghum genotypes that included 70 hybrids, 72 advanced breeding lines, and 43 diverse accessions, as well as 10 sweet sorghum cultivars and four commercial maize hybrids. Multiyear, multilocation trial data demonstrated that sorghum can be effectively produced using sustainable and organic inputs, but hybrid or cultivar selection is extremely important for success as entry means for grain yield ranged from 26 to 5,970 kg ha−1. Yields of top sorghum entries rivaled commercially available maize (Zea mays) hybrids. Overall, hybrids significantly outperformed inbred lines as heterosis proved beneficial for influential agronomic traits, although a Clemson F6 advanced breeding line, PV20_0426, ranked second in yield. Sugarcane aphid tolerance, increased canopy closure, and grain mold resistance were positively correlated with grain yield and should be considered target traits for breeding sorghum hybrids and cultivars for organic use. Depending on possible seed production constraints, developing pure line cultivars with the proper trait package may be effective to diminish this potential obstacle for the organic sorghum market.

中文翻译:

对低投入有机高粱生产很重要的性状和潜在遗传学

高粱 [ Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] 是一种潜在的有机生产作物,有助于满足对有机食品和饲料谷物的需求增长,但尚未努力改进这种种植系统的高粱育种工具、技术和方法。根据其他作物的发现,优化有机用途高粱的重点性状及其优先顺序可能不同于传统的高粱育种目标。本研究评估了一系列谷物高粱基因型在经过认证的有机实践下的产量表现、农艺特性和生物胁迫抗性,其中包括 70 个杂交种、72 个先进育种系和 43 个不同的种质,以及 10 个甜高粱品种和 4 个商业玉米杂种。多年,-1。高粱品种的产量可与市售玉米 ( Zea mays ) 杂交种相媲美。总体而言,杂种优势显着优于近交系,因为杂种优势被证明对有影响的农艺性状有益,尽管克莱姆森 F 6高级育种系 PV20_0426 在产量上排名第二。甘蔗蚜虫耐受性、冠层闭合增加和谷物抗霉菌性与谷物产量呈正相关,应将其作为培育有机用高粱杂交种和栽培品种的目标性状。根据可能的种子生产限制,开发具有适当性状包的纯系品种可能有效减少有机高粱市场的这一潜在障碍。
更新日期:2021-12-22
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