The human face is a key source of social information. In particular, it communicates a target's personal identity and some of their group memberships. Different models of social perception posit distinct stages at which this group-level and person-level information is extracted from the face, with divergent downstream consequences for cognition and behavior. This paper presents four experiments that explore the time-course of extracting group and person information from faces. In Experiments 1 and 2, we explore the effect of chunked versus unchunked processing on the speed of extracting group versus person information, as well as the impact of familiarity in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we examine the effect of the availability of a diagnostic cue on these same judgments. In Experiment 4, we explore the effect of both group-level and person-level prototypicality of face exemplars. Across all four experiments, we find no evidence for the perceptual primacy of either group or person information. Instead, we find that chunked processing, featural processing based on a single diagnostic cue, familiarity, and the prototypicality of face exemplars all result in a processing speed advantage for both group-level and person-level judgments equivalently. These results have important implications for influential models of impression formation and can inform, and be integrated with, an understanding of the process of social categorization more broadly.

中文翻译：

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评估从面部提取群组和个人信息的速度和难易程度

人脸是社会信息的重要来源。特别是，它传达了目标的个人身份和他们的一些组成员身份。不同的社会感知模型设定了不同的阶段，在这些阶段从面部提取这种群体级别和个人级别的信息，对认知和行为产生不同的下游后果。本文提出了四个实验，探索从面部提取群体和个人信息的时间过程。在实验 1 和 2 中，我们探讨了分块处理与非分块处理对提取组与个人信息的速度的影响，以及实验 2 中熟悉度的影响。在实验 3 中，我们检查了诊断可用性的影响提示这些相同的判断。在实验 4 中，我们探索了面部样本的组级和个人级原型的影响。在所有四个实验中，我们都没有发现任何证据表明群体或个人信息的感知优先。相反，我们发现分块处理、基于单个诊断线索的特征处理、熟悉度和面部样本的原型都同等地导致了群体级别和个人级别判断的处理速度优势。这些结果对印象形成的有影响力的模型具有重要意义，并且可以提供信息并与更广泛的社会分类过程的理解相结合。我们发现分块处理、基于单个诊断线索的特征处理、熟悉度和面部样本的原型都可以同等地为群体级别和个人级别的判断带来处理速度优势。这些结果对印象形成的有影响力的模型具有重要意义，并且可以提供信息并与更广泛的社会分类过程的理解相结合。我们发现分块处理、基于单个诊断线索的特征处理、熟悉度和面部样本的原型都可以同等地为群体级别和个人级别的判断带来处理速度优势。这些结果对印象形成的有影响力的模型具有重要意义，并且可以提供信息并与更广泛的社会分类过程的理解相结合。