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Agroecosystem landscape diversity shapes wild bee communities independent of managed honey bee presence
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107826
Ashley L. St. Clair 1, 2, 3 , Ge Zhang 2, 4 , Adam G. Dolezal 1 , Matthew E. O’Neal 2 , Amy L. Toth 2, 3
Affiliation  

Large scale agricultural production can lead to a reduction in availability of habitat used by wild bees for nesting and forage and has been implicated in worldwide bee population declines. There is growing concern that further declines in wild bee populations will occur because of continued transformations of natural or seminatural landscapes into crop monocultures. Managed honey bees, often used for pollination services in agricultural systems, can compete with wild bees and are hypothesized to negatively affect their communities. Although the response of wild bees to both agriculture and honey bees (i.e., apiculture) has been studied, the relative importance of each and their potential interactions on wild bee communities are not well understood. To forecast the extent to which landscape simplification can affect wild bees and to better understand whether honey bee presence in an already disturbed landscape might further exacerbate declines, we conducted a replicated, longitudinal assessment of wild bee community richness and richness of functional guilds (e.g., floral specificity and nesting preference) in an intensively farmed region of the United States where much of the landscape is devoted to monoculture annual crop (maize and soybean) production and managed honey bee colonies co-occur. The presence of a small apiary (4 colonies) had no immediate effect on wild bee richness, suggesting honey beekeeping may not always negatively impact wild bees. Rather, landscape composition analysis showed strong responses of wild bees to land use, with communities being less speciose in landscapes with high proportions of crop production. The availability of woodland and grassland habitat, especially at the local scale (<800 m), was associated with the greatest increase in bee richness especially for rarer aboveground nesting and floral specialist species. These data suggest large scale monocultures have a greater impact on bee communities than the presence of small apiaries. The results of this research provide important information on possible solutions in agroecosystem management to support increased bee diversity where annual crop production and apiculture are practiced. Namely, mitigation of wild bee declines in such agroecosystems may benefit more from the re-integration of landscape biodiversity, with priority on the re-introduction of perennial vegetation, like that found in woodland and grassland habitats, than the restriction of honey bee apiculture.

Data Availability

Data will be archived through Iowa State Universities digital data repository.



中文翻译:

农业生态系统景观多样性塑造了独立于受管理蜜蜂存在的野生蜜蜂群落

大规模农业生产会导致野生蜜蜂用于筑巢和觅食的栖息地减少,并与全球蜜蜂数量下降有关。人们越来越担心,由于自然或半自然景观不断转变为单一作物栽培,野生蜜蜂种群将进一步下降。受管理的蜜蜂通常用于农业系统的授粉服务,可以与野生蜜蜂竞争,并假设会对它们的社区产生负面影响。尽管已经研究了野生蜜蜂对农业和蜜蜂(即养蜂业)的反应,但每种情况的相对重要性及其对野生蜜蜂群落的潜在相互作用尚不清楚。为了预测景观简化对野生蜜蜂的影响程度,并更好地了解蜜蜂在已经受到干扰的景观中的存在是否可能进一步加剧衰退,我们对野生蜜蜂群落丰富度和功能群的丰富度进行了重复的纵向评估(例如,花卉特异性和筑巢偏好)在美国的一个集约化耕作地区,那里的大部分景观都致力于单一栽培一年生作物(玉米和大豆)的生产,并同时出现受管理的蜜蜂群。小型养蜂场(4 个蜂群)的存在对野生蜜蜂的丰富度没有直接影响,这表明养蜂可能并不总是对野生蜜蜂产生负面影响。相反,景观成分分析显示野生蜜蜂对土地利用的强烈反应,在作物生产比例高的景观中,社区不那么特殊。林地和草地栖息地的可用性,特别是在局部范围内(<800 m),与蜜蜂丰富度的最大增加有关,尤其是对于稀有的地上筑巢和花卉专家物种。这些数据表明,与小型养蜂场相比,大规模单一栽培对蜜蜂群落的影响更大。这项研究的结果提供了关于农业生态系统管理中可能的解决方案的重要信息,以支持在一年生作物生产和养蜂业中增加蜜蜂的多样性。也就是说,减缓此类农业生态系统中野生蜜蜂的减少可能会更多地受益于景观生物多样性的重新整合,优先考虑重新引入多年生植被,

数据可用性

数据将通过爱荷华州立大学数字数据存储库存档。

更新日期:2021-12-18
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