Reactive metabolites (RMs) are products generated from the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. RMs are characterized as electrophilic species chemically reactive to nucleophiles. Those nucleophilic species may be nitrogen-containing bio-molecules, including macro-biomolecules, such as protein and DNA, and small biomolecules, i.e., amino acids (AAs) and biogenic amines (BAs). AAs and BAs are essential endogenous nitrogen-containing compounds required for normal development, metabolism, and physiological functions in organisms, through participating in the intracellular replication, transcription, translation, division and proliferation, DNA and protein synthesis, regulation of apoptosis, and intercellular communication activities. These biological amines containing an active lone pair of electrons on the electronegative nitrogen atom would be the proper N-nucleophiles to be attacked by the abovementioned RMs. This review covers an overview of adductions of AAs and BAs with varieties of RMs. These RMs are formed from metabolic activation of furans, naphthalene, benzene, and products of lipid peroxidation. This article is designed to provide readers with a better understanding of biochemical mechanisms of toxic action.

中文翻译：

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源自反应性代谢物的氨基酸和生物胺加成。

反应性代谢物 (RM) 是内源性和外源性物质代谢产生的产物。RM 被表征为对亲核试剂具有化学反应性的亲电子物质。这些亲核物质可以是含氮生物分子，包括生物大分子，例如蛋白质和DNA，以及生物小分子，即氨基酸(AA)和生物胺(BA)。AAs和BAs是生物体正常发育、代谢和生理功能所必需的内源性含氮化合物，通过参与细胞内复制、转录、翻译、分裂和增殖、DNA和蛋白质合成、细胞凋亡调节和细胞间通讯活动。这些在负电性氮原子上含有活性孤对电子的生物胺将是上述 RM 攻击的合适的 N-亲核试剂。本综述概述了具有各种 RM 的 AA 和 BA 的内收。这些 RM 是由呋喃、萘、苯和脂质过氧化产物的代谢活化形成的。本文旨在让读者更好地了解毒性作用的生化机制。