The positive effects of reduced fishing pressure in marine protected areas (MPAs) are now well documented globally. Yet, evidence of MPA benefits from long-term replicated before-after control-impact (BACI) studies and their usefulness in protecting target species are still rare, especially in northern temperate areas. Scientific rigor in the monitoring of MPAs is considered important for obtaining trust and compliance and can increase interest and enthusiasm for the benefits of marine conservation. Off the coast of southern Norway, a MPA implementation process started up in 2002. Based on comprehensive consultations with local fishers and managers, four experimental lobster reserves were appointed in 2004. Two years later (2006), the reserves came into effect as the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries implemented regulations as a by-law of the Saltwater Fisheries Act that effectively banned all fixed gear. Long-term monitoring of the MPAs and adjacent control areas has enabled a rigorous scientific evaluation of the effects of these MPAs on lobster populations, including effects on density, growth, demography, behavior, and phenotypic diversity. As protection effects started to manifest, the lobster reserves attracted high public attention and were soon considered a credible supplement to traditional fisheries management. In the period from 2002 to 2021, more than 50 lobster reserves have been implemented in Norway. Here, we review the experiences since the lobster reserves were designated, implemented, and embraced by local communities in Norway, and over two decades have become an important tool for fishery management. Thoughts on the future of MPAs along the coast of Norway are discussed.

海洋保护区 (MPA) 捕捞压力减少的积极影响现已在全球范围内得到充分证明。然而，从长期复制前后控制影响 (BACI) 研究中获益的 MPA 及其在保护目标物种方面的有用性的证据仍然很少，尤其是在北温带地区。海洋保护区监测的科学严谨性被认为对于获得信任和合规很重要，可以增加对海洋保护利益的兴趣和热情。在挪威南部海岸附近，海洋保护区的实施过程于 2002 年启动。根据与当地渔民和管理人员的全面协商，2004 年指定了四个实验龙虾保护区。两年后（2006 年），随着挪威渔业局将规定作为《咸水渔业法》的附则实施，有效禁止所有固定渔具，保护区开始生效。对海洋保护区和邻近控制区的长期监测使得能够对这些海洋保护区对龙虾种群的影响进行严格的科学评估，包括对密度、生长、人口统计学、行为和表型多样性的影响。随着保护效果开始显现，龙虾保护区引起了公众的高度关注，并很快被认为是传统渔业管理的可靠补充。2002年至2021年期间，挪威实施了50多个龙虾储备。在这里，我们回顾了自从挪威当地社区指定、实施和接受龙虾保护区以来的经验，二十多年来已成为渔业管理的重要工具。讨论了对挪威沿海海洋保护区未来的思考。