The diversity of agricultural systems in European Union (EU) regions and countries is vast and vulnerable to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms. The CAP instruments have suffered several significant changes over the last decades to take into account the new contexts from the various EU enlargements and problems caused by former measures. This dynamic evolution of the farming system calls for updated assessment to better understand the respective policy impacts and to support the design of new and adjusted instruments. In this context, with this research, the intention is to highlight the most recent characteristics of the EU farming system and to assess the respective impacts from CAP measures. To achieve these aims, we considered statistical information from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) which was exploited through linear programming models. The main findings reveal that EU subsidies have no implication on the structure of EU farming systems. In other words, the most profitable farming systems are the same whether they were provided with the CAP financial support or not, namely those from the 1st Pillar. On the other hand, the CAP rules condition the farmers' options, sometimes towards adopting a more subsidised production, but with lower margins. These frameworks would not be problematic, if the farming systems were more socially and environmentally sustainable, but this is not always the case. In a future scenario of a farming sector which more regulated by the market and less so by the CAP instruments, the environmental impacts will be more short-term than medium- or long-term, where the main problem will be with energy consumption.

中文翻译：

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欧盟农业系统：更可持续土地利用的见解

欧盟 (EU) 地区和国家农业系统的多样性是巨大的，并且容易受到共同农业政策 (CAP) 改革的影响。考虑到欧盟各种扩大的新背景和以前措施引起的问题，CAP 工具在过去几十年中经历了几次重大变化。农业系统的这种动态演变需要更新评估，以更好地了解各自的政策影响并支持设计新的和调整后的工具。在此背景下，本研究旨在突出欧盟农业系统的最新特征，并评估 CAP 措施各自的影响。为了实现这些目标，我们考虑了通过线性规划模型利用的农场会计数据网络 (FADN) 的统计信息。主要研究结果表明，欧盟补贴对欧盟农业系统的结构没有影响。换言之，最赚钱的耕作系统无论是否获得 CAP 财政支持，都是相同的，即来自第一支柱的那些。另一方面，CAP 规则限制了农民的选择，有时是采用更补贴的生产方式，但利润率较低。如果农业系统在社会和环境上更具可持续性，这些框架不会有问题，但情况并非总是如此。在未来农业部门更多地受市场监管而更少受 CAP 工具监管的情景中，