Spray simulations involve much effort in calibrating the empirical constants in the break-up model case-by-case to obtain good predictions for the target experiments. Most calibrations are based on the ideal-gas evaporation model for the evaporating sprays even under high-pressure conditions. The effect of droplet evaporation on the calibration of the break-up model is first evaluated, and an accurate multi-component evaporation model is suggested to reduce the dependency of the break-up constants on the ambient conditions and fuel types. First, a multi-component evaporation model with the real vapor-liquid equilibrium is introduced and implemented into the OpenFOAM-v6. Then, extensive sprays under a wide range of conditions are simulated by the typical ideal- and suggested real-gas frameworks, respectively. Since the ideal-gas evaporation model underestimates the droplet evaporation rate, especially for the multi-component sprays under high pressures, calibrating the breakup constants is needed to compensate the errors induced by the ideal-gas evaporation model. Even though the spray liquid penetration could be well reproduced through calibrating the constants in the KH-RT model, the droplet size is seriously underestimated. In contrast, the real-gas evaporation model can accurately predict the droplet evaporation rate, and the dependency of break-up constants on the ambient conditions is reduced. Finally, the comparison of n-dodecane and multi-component diesel sprays confirmed that the break-up constants for the multi-component spray simulation are more sensitive to the ambient conditions, and an accurate multi-component evaporation model can reduce this sensitivity.

中文翻译：

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液滴蒸发对高压蒸发柴油喷雾 KH-RT 破碎模型标定的影响

喷雾模拟在逐案校准分解模型中的经验常数方面需要付出很多努力，以获得对目标实验的良好预测。大多数校准基于蒸发喷雾的理想气体蒸发模型，即使在高压条件下也是如此。首先评估了液滴蒸发对破碎模型校准的影响，并提出了一个精确的多组分蒸发模型，以减少破碎常数对环境条件和燃料类型的依赖性。首先，在 OpenFOAM-v6 中引入并实现了具有真实汽液平衡的多组分蒸发模型。然后，分别通过典型的理想气体和建议的实际气体框架模拟各种条件下的广泛喷雾。由于理想气体蒸发模型低估了液滴蒸发速率，特别是对于高压下的多组分喷雾，因此需要校准破碎常数以补偿由理想气体蒸发模型引起的误差。尽管通过校准 KH-RT 模型中的常数可以很好地再现喷雾液体渗透，但液滴尺寸被严重低估。相比之下，真实气体蒸发模型可以准确预测液滴蒸发速率，降低了破碎常数对环境条件的依赖性。最后，正十二烷和多组分柴油喷雾的比较证实，多组分喷雾模拟的破碎常数对环境条件更敏感，