The demand for vegetable oil is increasing for both food and non-food applications, which leads to the generation of a huge amount of oil cakes. The rising annual production requires alternative applications for sustainable operations of oil mills, especially those involved in non-edible oil production. Hence, the value-added uses of oil cakes such as environment remediation (metal absorption), composite fabrication (as fillers, reinforcements), nanoparticle synthesis (as reducing and stabilizing agent), and production of carbonaceous materials (as carbon source) were extensively explored in recent years. Among them, the thermochemical conversion of oil cakes into carbonaceous materials (biochar and activated carbon) received great interest as the demand for biocarbon materials increases exponentially. Oil cake-derived biocarbon materials found a wide range of technological applications. With this perspective, recent developments in oil cake-derived carbon materials and their diverse applications are reviewed.

中文翻译：

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油饼作为生物碳材料的可持续农工业原料

食品和非食品应用对植物油的需求不断增加，导致产生大量油饼。不断增长的年产量需要油厂可持续运营的替代应用，特别是那些参与非食用油生产的工厂。因此，油饼在环境修复（金属吸收）、复合材料制造（作为填充剂、增强剂）、纳米颗粒合成（作为还原剂和稳定剂）和含碳材料生产（作为碳源）等方面的增值用途得到了广泛的应用。近年来探索。其中，随着对生物碳材料的需求呈指数增长，油饼热化学转化为含碳材料（生物炭和活性炭）受到了极大的关注。油饼衍生的生物碳材料发现了广泛的技术应用。从这个角度，回顾了油饼衍生碳材料的最新进展及其不同的应用。