Abstract

How was narrative point of view developed through an optical device? In between Richardson’s publication of Pamela in 1740 and Fielding’s publication of Tom Jones in 1749, a device known as the zograscope first appeared in England in 1745. Whether appearing as a tabletop mirror or a wooden box, the zograscope allowed its users to see the world in three dimensions and in color from the comfort of home or in crowded venues. An understanding of psychological perspective as it was developed in eighteenth-century novels, and optical perspective as it was created by the zograscope, are incomplete without relating them to each other. They are equally identifiable as forms of narrative perspective, and demonstrate how text and image, and their materialities, came to interpenetrate each other in modern conceptions of point of view.

摘要

叙事观点是如何通过光学设备发展起来的？在理查森于 1740 年出版帕梅拉与菲尔丁出版汤姆琼斯之间1749 年，一种被称为 zograscope 的设备于 1745 年首次出现在英国。 无论是作为桌面镜子还是木盒出现，zograscope 都允许其用户在舒适的家中或拥挤的环境中以三维和彩色的方式观察世界场地。对 18 世纪小说中发展起来的心理视角的理解，以及由 zograscope 创造的光学视角，如果不将它们相互关联起来是不完整的。它们同样可以识别为叙事视角的形式，并展示了文本和图像及其物质性如何在现代观点概念中相互渗透。