Many nonhuman animals have been used as subjects to elucidate intra-individual variation in the stress response – understood via coping styles and stress reactivity. Given the evidence and theory supporting evolutionary trade-offs associated with such differences, it is surprising, then, how few studies have used wild nonhuman primates to develop this theoretical framework. In the current study, we evaluated this framework using a combination of behaviours from focal follows and an experimental method, novel to the field – collected during a 17 month project on olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Laikipia, Kenya. Our experimental design simultaneously introduces a risk with an incentive: a model snake with a real chicken egg, respectively. Such an approach facilitates multiple solutions to a stressor, a key element of coping style theory. General behavioral tendencies did not associate with the experimental measures of coping style and stress reactivity. These results, however, demonstrated the utility and validity of this experimental approach for measuring coping style and stress reactivity in wild nonhumans. Fear grimaces represented stress reactivity. A factor solution represented coping style – summarizing decision making under stress. The treatment experiment, with a snake and egg, elicited a behavioral stress response, relative to control trials with just an egg.

许多非人类动物已被用作受试者，以阐明压力反应的个体内差异——通过应对方式和压力反应来理解。鉴于支持与这种差异相关的进化权衡的证据和理论，令人惊讶的是，很少有研究使用野生非人类灵长类动物来发展这个理论框架。在目前的研究中，我们结合了焦点跟踪行为和该领域新颖的实验方法来评估这个框架——在为期 17 个月的橄榄狒狒项目 ( Papio anubis ) 中收集) 在肯尼亚的莱基皮亚。我们的实验设计同时引入了风险和激励：分别是带有真正鸡蛋的模型蛇。这种方法有助于解决压力源的多种解决方案，这是应对方式理论的关键要素。一般行为倾向与应对方式和压力反应的实验测量无关。然而，这些结果证明了这种实验方法在测量野生非人类的应对方式和压力反应性方面的实用性和有效性。恐惧鬼脸代表压力反应。一个因素解决方案代表了应对方式——总结压力下的决策。与仅使用鸡蛋的对照试验相比，使用蛇和鸡蛋进行的治疗实验引起了行为压力反应。