Currently, there is no commercially-available noninvasive method for glucose monitoring in the interstitial fluid (ISF) mainly due to the measurement accuracy, sensitivity and/or the weak blood correlation. Here, we present an electrochemical biosensor based on PEDOT:PSS conductive hydrogel incorporated with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) for the noninvasive and continuous monitoring of glucose on body. The hydrogel was prepared with the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Zonyl FS-300, which helped to improve the expanding of the polymer chains for the formation of better conductive and nanoporous networks. The hydrogel-based biosensor showed a low detection limit of 0.85 μM for glucose detection and high sensitivity up to 340.1 μA·mM⁻¹·cm⁻², which was about 10-fold higher than the counterparts based on agarose and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels. Furthermore, it provided good accuracy with commercial glucometer for the glucose detection in serum. More importantly, incorporated with the reverse iontophoresis (RI), the hydrogel was applied as a skin patch on human subject for the in vivo noninvasive and continuous monitoring of ISF-borne glucose. The results showed good correlation with that measured by blood glucometer. We believe such glucose biosensor paves the way to clinically wearable noninvasive glucose monitoring in diabetics.

目前，主要由于测量精度、灵敏度和/或血液相关性较弱，还没有商业上可用的无创方法来监测间质液 (ISF) 中的葡萄糖。在这里，我们提出了一种基于 PEDOT:PSS 导电水凝胶与普鲁士蓝纳米粒子 (PBNP) 结合的电化学生物传感器，用于无创和连续监测体内葡萄糖。通过添加二甲基亚砜 (DMSO) 和 Zonyl FS-300 制备水凝胶，这有助于改善聚合物链的扩展，以形成更好的导电和纳米多孔网络。基于水凝胶的生物传感器对葡萄糖的检测显示出 0.85 μM 的低检测限和高达 340.1 μA·mM ^-1 ·cm ^{-2 的}高灵敏度，这比基于琼脂糖和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯 (HEMA) 水凝胶的对应物高约 10 倍。此外，它为血清中的葡萄糖检测提供了商业血糖仪的良好准确性。更重要的是，结合反向离子电渗疗法 (RI)，水凝胶被用作人体皮肤贴片，用于在体内无创和连续监测 ISF 携带的葡萄糖。结果与血糖仪测量的结果显示出良好的相关性。我们相信这种葡萄糖生物传感器为糖尿病患者的临床可穿戴无创血糖监测铺平了道路。