Silvopasture is the deliberate integration of trees, forage, and grazing livestock on the same piece of land. These agroecosystems are intensively managed for multiple benefits, providing both short- and long-term income. Research suggests that silvopasture systems can increase systemwide productivity, while providing multiple ecosystem services. Due to these benefits, silvopasture adoption is increasing across the United States of America (USA), as described in regional case studies exploring silvopasture adoption. However, most of these case studies have a limited sample size, making it difficult to assess broader trends that help or hinder silvopasture adoption. To address this issue, we conducted a systematic review of silvopasture adoption studies in the USA. Our key objectives were to understand the primary benefits and challenges reported by producers using silvopasture, assess how satisfied producers are with their silvopasture systems, and understand how agricultural and natural resource professionals view silvopasture management. In total, 53 studies from 1983 to 2021 related to silvopasture adoption were included. When analyzed collectively, diversification of farm income and shade for livestock were the primary benefits of implementing silvopasture. This was similar to benefits reported from international studies that were compared. Regarding challenges, lack of information was identified as a primary concern by producers. Producers reported using a wide range of livestock that included cattle, goats, sheep, chickens, turkeys, horses, bison, pigs, geese, and ducks. Results indicate that producers almost exclusively use some form of rotational or management intensive grazing in their silvopasture systems, with 98% using one of these practices. Furthermore, 96% of producers reported using silvopasture in combination with paddocks in open pasture, suggesting that silvopastures are primarily used as a complementary component of their pasture rotation system. Silvopasture retention was also found to be high across studies, with 88% of producers indicating they would continue the practice into the future. With increasing interest to diversify agricultural management under the uncertainty of a changing climate and the need for agricultural landscapes to sequester more carbon, silvopasture may be an effective strategy for some livestock operators to diversify farm income, enhance animal productivity and wellbeing, and increase ecosystem resilience.

Silvopasture 是在同一块土地上有意整合树木、草料和放牧牲畜。这些农业生态系统经过集中管理，可带来多种收益，提供短期和长期收入。研究表明，林牧系统可以提高整个系统的生产力，同时提供多种生态系统服务。由于这些好处，正如探索森林牧草采用的区域案例研究中所描述的那样，美国（美国）的森林牧草采用率正在增加。然而，大多数这些案例研究的样本量有限，因此很难评估有助于或阻碍森林牧草采用的更广泛趋势。为了解决这个问题，我们对美国的林牧收养研究进行了系统回顾。我们的主要目标是了解使用林牧生产者报告的主要利益和挑战，评估生产者对其林牧系统的满意度，并了解农业和自然资源专业人士如何看待林牧管理。总共纳入了 1983 年至 2021 年与林牧采用相关的 53 项研究。综合分析，农场收入多样化和牲畜遮荫是实施林牧的主要好处。这与比较的国际研究报告的益处相似。关于挑战，缺乏信息被确定为生产者的主要关注点。生产者报告使用了广泛的牲畜，包括牛、山羊、绵羊、鸡、火鸡、马、野牛、猪、鹅和鸭。结果表明，生产者几乎只在他们的林牧系统中使用某种形式的轮作或管理集约化放牧，其中 98% 使用其中一种做法。此外，96% 的生产者报告说，在开放式牧场中将林牧与围场结合使用，这表明林牧主要用作其牧场轮作系统的补充组成部分。研究还发现 Silvopasture 保留率很高，88% 的生产者表示他们会在未来继续这种做法。在气候变化的不确定性和农业景观需要吸收更多碳的情况下，人们对多样化农业管理的兴趣日益浓厚，林牧可能是一些畜牧业经营者实现农场收入多样化、提高动物生产力和福祉的有效策略，