Crop cultivation provides ecosystem services on increasingly large fields. However, the effects of in-field spatial heterogeneity on crop yields, in particular triticale, have rarely been considered. The study assess the effects of in-field soil heterogeneity and elevation on triticale grown in an intensively cropped hummocky landscape. The field was classified into three soil classes: C1, C2, and C3, based on soil texture and available water capacity (AWC), which had high, moderate, and low yield potential, respectively. Three elevations (downslope (DS), midslope (MS), and upslope (US)) were considered as the second study factor. An unbalanced experimental design was adopted with a factorial analysis of variance for data analysis. Temporal growth analysis showed that soil classes and elevation had significant effects. Generally, better growth was observed in C1 compared to that of C3. DS had a lower yield potential than that of MS and US. In addition, the interactive effect was confirmed, as triticale had poor growth and yield in C3 on the DS, but not on US. Crop physiological parameters also confirmed the differences between soil classes and elevation. Similarly, soil moisture (SM) content in the plow layer measured at different points in time and AWC over the soil profile had a positive association with growth and yield. The results confirmed that spatial differences in AWC and SM can explain spatial variability in growth and yield. The mapping approach combining soil auguring techniques with a digital elevation model could be used to subdivide fields in hummocky landscapes for determining sub-field input intensities to guide precision farming.

作物种植为越来越大的田地提供生态系统服务。然而，很少考虑田间空间异质性对作物产量的影响，尤其是小黑麦。该研究评估了田间土壤异质性和海拔对在密集种植的丘陵景观中生长的小黑麦的影响。根据土壤质地和有效水容量 (AWC)，将田地分为三个土壤类别：C1、C2 和 C3，分别具有高、中和低产量潜力。三个海拔（下坡 (DS)、中坡 (MS) 和上坡 (US)）被认为是第二个研究因素。采用非平衡实验设计，对数据进行因子方差分析。时间增长分析表明，土壤类别和海拔有显着影响。一般来说，与 C3 相比，C1 中观察到更好的生长。DS 的产量潜力低于 MS 和 US。此外，交互效应得到证实，因为小黑麦在 DS 上的 C3 中生长和产量较差，但在美国上没有。作物生理参数也证实了土壤类别和海拔之间的差异。同样，在不同时间点测量的耕层土壤水分 (SM) 含量和土壤剖面上的 AWC 与生长和产量呈正相关。结果证实，AWC 和 SM 的空间差异可以解释生长和产量的空间变异性。将土壤测量技术与数字高程模型相结合的制图方法可用于细分丘陵景观中的田地，以确定子田地输入强度，以指导精准农业。