While most boundary-making studies examine native-born citizens’ opposition to immigration, this article explains why immigrants develop anti-immigrant attitudes. Under what conditions do previous generations of immigrants develop solidarity with newcomers? When might immigrants, instead, police national boundaries and oppose further immigration or naturalization? I argue that under uncertain citizenship status, long-term immigrants are unlikely to develop solidarity with newcomers, despite common experience with exclusionary citizenship policies. Drawing on interviews with naturalization applicants in the United Arab Emirates, this article analyses how policies that unevenly distribute rights and protections to non-citizens structure relationships between immigrant groups. Moving beyond citizen/non-citizen binaries, it calls attention to hierarchies among non-citizens, examining how long-term immigrants with partial and conditional rights police national boundaries to navigate exclusionary policies. When states restrict citizenship, making it a scarce good, immigrants may respond to uncertainty by competing and, thus, limiting access to that good for newcomers. When naturalization is arduous, applicants face pressures to continually perform citizenship to prove that they deserve inclusion. Naturalization applicants lacked citizenship, but they immigrated to the UAE before the establishment of its guest-worker program and claimed Emirati identity by differentiating themselves from “migrant workers.” I show how migration enforcement and boundary-policing factored into their perceptions and performances of what it meant to be a “good” Emirati citizen. Ethnic hierarchies and the timing of migration created distinctions between immigrants eligible for naturalization and those who were not. The mere possibility of inclusion in the citizenry may generate hierarchies between immigrants, precluding solidarity, and encouraging boundary-policing.

虽然大多数划界研究都考察了土生土长的公民对移民的反对，但本文解释了为什么移民会产生反移民态度。前几代移民在什么条件下与新移民团结起来？相反，移民何时可以监管国界并反对进一步的移民或归化？我认为，在不确定的公民身份下，长期移民不太可能与新移民团结起来，尽管在排斥公民政策方面有共同的经验。本文通过对阿拉伯联合酋长国入籍申请人的采访，分析了向非公民分配权利和保护的政策如何构建移民群体之间的关系。超越公民/非公民二进制文件，它呼吁关注非公民之间的等级制度，研究具有部分和有条件权利的长期移民如何监管国界以应对排斥政策。当国家限制公民身份，使其成为稀缺商品时，移民可能会通过竞争来应对不确定性，从而限制新移民获得这种商品的机会。当入籍困难重重时，申请人面临着不断履行公民身份以证明他们值得被录取的压力。入籍申请人缺乏公民身份，但他们在外来工人计划建立之前移民到阿联酋，并通过将自己与“移民工人”区分开来来声称阿联酋身份。我展示了移民执法和边界管制如何影响他们对成为“好”阿联酋公民意味着什么的看法和表现。种族等级制度和移民时间造成了有资格入籍的移民和没有资格入籍的移民之间的区别。仅仅融入公民的可能性就可能在移民之间产生等级制度，阻碍团结，并鼓励边界警务。