The use of bipolar (on anvil) methods for resource exploitation has been identified in the archaeological record from the late Pliocene through to the Holocene. During all phases of human evolution, bipolar knapping and wedging were applied by different hominin species in a wide range of ecological settings. Studies on lithic bipolar methods have mainly focused on understanding the functional aspects of this technology. This paper explores the variability of the application of these methods during the Paleolithic on a macro scale. Through the meta-analysis of published data from 167 sites, it is posited that the use of bipolar methods may have had a significant impact on hominin expansion, adaptation, and survival strategies. Furthermore, the recurrent use of bipolar methods is not only an indicator of its success as an adaptive strategy, but also of how hominins were able to evaluate different types of efficiency through time.

从上新世晚期到全新世的考古记录中已经确定了使用双极（在砧上）方法进行资源开发。在人类进化的所有阶段，不同的人类物种在广泛的生态环境中应用了双极敲击和楔入。对石质双极方法的研究主要集中在了解该技术的功能方面。本文在宏观尺度上探讨了旧石器时代这些方法应用的可变性。通过对来自 167 个站点的已发表数据的元分析，假设使用双极方法可能对人类的扩张、适应和生存策略产生了重大影响。此外，双极方法的反复使用不仅是其作为适应性策略成功的指标，