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Trust and Relationship Development Among Users in Dark Web Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Networks: A Literature Review From a Psychological and Criminological Perspective
Trauma, Violence, & Abuse ( IF 6.595 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-07 , DOI: 10.1177/15248380211057274
Juliane A Kloess 1 , Madeleine van der Bruggen 2
Affiliation  

The increased potential and speed of the Internet has changed the nature of sexual crimes against children. It enables individuals with a sexual interest in children to meet, interact, and engage in illegal activities. The literature review presented here aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge and understanding of trust and relationship development among users of online networks that are dedicated to the sexual exploitation and abuse of children. A systematic search using six databases was conducted to identify relevant literature from a psychological and a criminological perspective. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria that centered around the key aspects of the literature review’s research question, namely, (i) child sexual exploitation and abuse, (ii) Dark Web platforms, (iii) online forums and networks, and (iv) trust and relationship development. Our findings reveal that the engagement in interpersonal communication and interactions with like-minded others serves various functions, including validation, normalization, and support, as well as access to expert advice, information, and material. Dark Web networks are high-stake and risky environments, where users have to manage a continuous flow of threats, with information about others and their trustworthiness being limited. The establishment and maintenance of trust is of social and technical relevance, and users have to navigate a number of demands and commitments. Findings are discussed in relation to theoretical and practical implications, as well as directions for future research.



中文翻译:

暗网儿童性剥削和性虐待网络中用户之间的信任和关系发展:从心理学和犯罪学角度的文献综述

互联网的潜力和速度的增加改变了针对儿童的性犯罪的性质。它使对儿童有性兴趣的个人能够见面、互动和从事非法活动。此处介绍的文献综述旨在概述当前对致力于儿童性剥削和性虐待的在线网络用户之间信任和关系发展的了解和理解。使用六个数据库进行了系统搜索,以从心理学和犯罪学的角度识别相关文献。21 项研究符合以文献综述研究问题的关键方面为中心的纳入标准,即 (i) 儿童性剥削和性虐待,(ii) 暗网平台,(iii) 在线论坛和网络,(iv) 信任和关系发展。我们的研究结果表明,参与人际交流和与志同道合的其他人互动具有多种功能,包括验证、规范化和支持,以及获得专家建议、信息和材料。暗网网络是高风险和高风险的环境,用户必须管理持续不断的威胁流,而有关他人的信息及其可信度受到限制。信任的建立和维护具有社会和技术相关性,用户必须应对许多需求和承诺。讨论了与理论和实践影响相关的研究结果,以及未来研究的方向。我们的研究结果表明,参与人际交流和与志同道合的其他人互动具有多种功能,包括验证、规范化和支持,以及获得专家建议、信息和材料。暗网网络是高风险和高风险的环境,用户必须管理持续不断的威胁流,而有关他人的信息及其可信度受到限制。信任的建立和维护具有社会和技术相关性,用户必须应对许多需求和承诺。讨论了与理论和实践影响相关的研究结果,以及未来研究的方向。我们的研究结果表明,参与人际交流和与志同道合的其他人互动具有多种功能,包括验证、规范化和支持,以及获得专家建议、信息和材料。暗网网络是高风险和高风险的环境,用户必须管理持续不断的威胁流,而有关他人的信息及其可信度受到限制。信任的建立和维护具有社会和技术相关性,用户必须应对许多需求和承诺。讨论了与理论和实践影响相关的研究结果,以及未来研究的方向。和材料。暗网网络是高风险和高风险的环境,用户必须管理持续不断的威胁流,而有关他人的信息及其可信度受到限制。信任的建立和维护具有社会和技术相关性,用户必须应对许多需求和承诺。讨论了与理论和实践影响相关的研究结果,以及未来研究的方向。和材料。暗网网络是高风险和高风险的环境,用户必须管理持续不断的威胁流,而有关他人的信息及其可信度受到限制。信任的建立和维护具有社会和技术相关性,用户必须应对许多需求和承诺。讨论了与理论和实践影响相关的研究结果,以及未来研究的方向。

更新日期:2021-12-08
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