Objective To closely describe the injury inciting events of acute hamstring injuries in professional male football (soccer) using systematic video analysis. Methods Video footage from four seasons (2014–2019) of the two highest divisions in German male football was searched for moderate and severe (ie, time loss of >7 days) acute non-contact and indirect contact match hamstring injuries. Two raters independently categorised inciting events using a standardised procedure to determine specific injury patterns and kinematics. Results 52 cases of hamstring injuries were included for specific pattern analysis. The pattern analysis revealed 25 sprint-related (48%) and 27 stretch-related hamstring injuries (52%). All sprint-related hamstring injuries occured during linear acceleration or high-speed running. Stretch-related hamstring injuries were connected with closed chain movements like braking or stopping with a lunging or landing action and open chain movements like kicking. The kinematic analysis of stretch-related injuries revealed a change of movement involving knee flexion to knee extension and a knee angle of <45° at the assumed injury frame in all open and closed chain movements. Biceps femoris was the most affected muscle (79%) of all included cases. Conclusion Despite the variety of inciting events, rapid movements with high eccentric demands of the posterior thigh are likely the main hamstring injury mechanism. This study provides important data about how hamstring injuries occur in professional male football and supports the need for demand-specific multicomponent risk reduction programmes. Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. General personal information of the participants are available in a public, open access repository via www.transfermarkt.de and www.kicker.de.Epidemiologic background data was available via the German statutory accident insurance for professional athletes (VBG). These data are not publicly available. The authors have no permission to make the data available.Video footage was available via the media portal () of the German Football League (DFL). The costs for the access to the media portal were borne by the VBG. These data are not publicly available. The authors have no permission to make the data available.

中文翻译：

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职业男子足球（英式足球）腿筋损伤模式：52例系统视频分析

目的通过系统的视频分析，详细描述职业男子足球（英式足球）急性腿筋损伤的损伤诱发事件。方法 在德国男子足球两个最高级别的四个赛季 (2014-2019) 的视频片段中搜索中度和重度（即时间损失 > 7 天）急性非接触和间接接触比赛腿筋损伤。两名评分者使用标准化程序独立对刺激事件进行分类，以确定特定的损伤模式和运动学。结果 52例腘绳肌损伤病例被纳入特异性模式分析。模式分析显示 25 例与短跑相关 (48%) 和 27 例与拉伸相关的腘绳肌损伤 (52%)。所有与短跑相关的腿筋损伤都发生在直线加速或高速跑步过程中。与拉伸相关的腿筋损伤与闭合链运动有关，例如制动或以弓步或着陆动作停止，以及开放链运动（例如踢腿）。拉伸相关损伤的运动学分析显示，在所有开放和闭合链运动中，在假设的损伤框架中，膝关节屈曲到膝关节伸展的运动发生了变化，膝关节角度小于 45°。股二头肌是所有纳入病例中受影响最严重的肌肉 (79%)。结论 尽管刺激事件多种多样，但大腿后部的高离心需求的快速运动可能是腘绳肌损伤的主要机制。这项研究提供了关于腿筋损伤在职业男子足球中如何发生的重要数据，并支持针对特定需求的多组分风险降低计划的需求。数据可能从第三方获得，并且不公开。参与者的一般个人信息可通过 www.transfermarkt.de 和 www.kicker.de 在公共开放访问存储库中获得。流行病学背景数据可通过德国职业运动员法定意外保险 (VBG) 获得。这些数据不公开。作者无权提供数据。视频片段可通过媒体门户网站 () 的德国足球联赛 (DFL)。访问媒体门户的费用由 VBG 承担。这些数据不公开。作者无权提供数据。