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Mini review on environmental issues concerning conventional gas hydrate inhibitors
Process Safety Progress ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-06 , DOI: 10.1002/prs.12325 Ihtisham Ul Haq 1, 2 , Ali Qasim 1, 2 , Bhajan Lal 1, 2 , Dzulkarnain B. Zaini 1
Process Safety Progress ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-06 , DOI: 10.1002/prs.12325 Ihtisham Ul Haq 1, 2 , Ali Qasim 1, 2 , Bhajan Lal 1, 2 , Dzulkarnain B. Zaini 1
Affiliation
In the offshore oil and gas fields, the formation of gas hydrates creates critical issues, and these issues or challenges become more pervasive as productive activities proceed to deep sea waters. Further, a number of chemical additives that are used to prevent gas hydrate formation in pipelines pose toxicity issues and are harmful to the environment. Commercially available inhibitors such as methanol, glycols, polyvinyl caproclatum (PVCap), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which are being used for gas hydrate mitigation, have shown toxicity issues such as corrosion and mass loss due to their volatile nature, resulting in their high consumption. Methanol and glycols are identified as thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs), while PVCap and PVP are classified as low-dosage hydrate inhibitiors. There has been considerable discussion in the literature on whether to use THIs or low-dosage gas hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs) but less discussion on their toxicity and harmful effects on the environment. Therefore, in this mini review we intend to throw light on the environmental issues concerning conventional gas hydrate inhibitors used currently.
中文翻译:
关于常规气体水合物抑制剂的环境问题的小型回顾
在海上油气田中,天然气水合物的形成带来了一些关键问题,随着生产活动向深海水域进行,这些问题或挑战变得更加普遍。此外,许多用于防止管道中形成气体水合物的化学添加剂会造成毒性问题并且对环境有害。用于缓解气体水合物的市售抑制剂,如甲醇、乙二醇、聚乙烯基己酸 (PVCap) 和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP),由于其挥发性,已显示出诸如腐蚀和质量损失等毒性问题,导致其高消耗。甲醇和乙二醇被确定为热力学水合物抑制剂 (THIs),而 PVCap 和 PVP 被归类为低剂量水合物抑制剂。文献中关于是否使用 THI 或低剂量气体水合物抑制剂 (LDHI) 进行了大量讨论,但对其毒性和对环境的有害影响的讨论较少。因此,在本次小型回顾中,我们打算阐明与目前使用的常规气体水合物抑制剂有关的环境问题。
更新日期:2021-12-06
中文翻译:
关于常规气体水合物抑制剂的环境问题的小型回顾
在海上油气田中,天然气水合物的形成带来了一些关键问题,随着生产活动向深海水域进行,这些问题或挑战变得更加普遍。此外,许多用于防止管道中形成气体水合物的化学添加剂会造成毒性问题并且对环境有害。用于缓解气体水合物的市售抑制剂,如甲醇、乙二醇、聚乙烯基己酸 (PVCap) 和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP),由于其挥发性,已显示出诸如腐蚀和质量损失等毒性问题,导致其高消耗。甲醇和乙二醇被确定为热力学水合物抑制剂 (THIs),而 PVCap 和 PVP 被归类为低剂量水合物抑制剂。文献中关于是否使用 THI 或低剂量气体水合物抑制剂 (LDHI) 进行了大量讨论,但对其毒性和对环境的有害影响的讨论较少。因此,在本次小型回顾中,我们打算阐明与目前使用的常规气体水合物抑制剂有关的环境问题。