Racism and xenophobia are not just the problems of the adult world; As systems of beliefs, practices, and policies, racism and xenophobia influence children’s perceptions and experiences at early ages. Because families can be significant sources of information regarding race and ethnicity, we focus on the family to understand the broader context of racism and xenophobia in childhood and adolescence. In this paper, we first provide an overview of research conducted among BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) and ethnic/religious minority families that has focused on family ethnic–racial socialization to support children and adolescents’ capabilities for resisting racism and xenophobia. We then review research conducted among white and ethnic/religious majority families that has mainly taken an intergroup relations perspective and has examined associations between parents’ and children’s ethnic–racial attitudes, biases, and prejudice. Finally, we discuss the role of family for racism and xenophobia through the lens of family ethnic–racial socialization and intergroup relations perspectives, highlight areas that are currently understudied, and offer recommendations concerning future research directions.

种族主义和仇外心理不仅仅是成人世界的问题；作为信仰、实践和政策的系统，种族主义和仇外心理会影响儿童早期的看法和经历。由于家庭可以成为有关种族和民族的重要信息来源，因此我们关注家庭以了解童年和青春期种族主义和仇外心理的更广泛背景。在本文中，我们首先概述了在 BIPOC（黑人、土著和有色人种）和少数族裔/宗教少数家庭中进行的研究，这些研究侧重于家庭民族-种族社会化，以支持儿童和青少年抵抗种族主义和种族歧视的能力。仇外心理。然后，我们回顾了在白人和种族/宗教占多数的家庭中进行的研究，这些研究主要从群体间关系的角度出发，并检查了父母和孩子的种族-种族态度、偏见和偏见之间的关联。最后，我们通过家庭种族社会化和群体间关系的视角来讨论家庭对种族主义和仇外心理的作用，突出当前研究不足的领域，并就未来的研究方向提出建议。