Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.

中文翻译：

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随着时间的推移和跨栖息地的方向性转向更大范围的植物

物种更替无处不在。然而，尚不清楚某些类型的物种是否会在不同的栖息地持续获得或消失。在这里，我们分析了欧洲山峰、森林和低地草原的 141 个地点的 1827 种植物物种在长达 78 年的时间间隔内的轨迹。我们发现，尽管影响大小相对较小，但栖息地中分布范围较小的物种被较大范围的物种取代。社区同时转向对营养需求更高的物种，来自营养丰富栖息地的物种分布范围更广。由于这些物种通常是强大的竞争者，小范围物种的减少不仅反映了全球变化的非生物驱动因素，还反映了竞争加剧带来的生物压力。