Highly diluted bioactive compounds (HDBC) and highly diluted immunomodulatory compounds (HDIC) are treatments that cover a wide variety of concentrations, starting from molar to yoctomolar concentrations or even lower where the presence of nanoparticles has been detected. The prophylactic use of these compounds has improved nutrition, growth, overall condition, defence mechanisms regulation and increased marine organism survival during challenge against pathogens. The HDBC used in marine organisms are formulated from Vibrio spp. lysates, sodium metasilicates, phosphoric acid and highly diluted drugs for humans as Silicea terra^®, Phosphoricum acidum^®, Passival^® and VidatoX^®, as well as homotoxic Heel^® complexes. Because HDBC are innocuous, inexpensive and easy to use by immersion or ingestion, they have been proposed as a potential sustainable alternative to improve marine organism production under hatchery conditions and reduce the use of chemotherapy, including antibiotics and disinfectants. Nonetheless, articles documenting their mode of action (biological process and metabolic pathways activated) are scarce. Some studies have proposed that certain HDBC activate the sentinel system of marine organisms, such as non-self-recognition and endocytosis mechanisms without completely activating the immune defence mechanisms. This contribution brings a new insight on increasing productivity and cost effectiveness during hatchery operations and at the same time strengthening the immune system response and survival of marine organisms against infections. Therefore, this review discusses and analyses published results of HDBC in species of commercial importance worldwide and also emerging species of interest for aquaculture reared in Mexico.

中文翻译：

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海洋水产养殖中高度稀释的生物活性化合物：可持续生产的潜在替代方案

高度稀释的生物活性化合物 (HDBC) 和高度稀释的免疫调节化合物 (HDIC) 是涵盖各种浓度的治疗方法，从摩尔浓度到 yocmolar 浓度，甚至在检测到纳米颗粒存在的情况下甚至更低。这些化合物的预防性使用改善了营养、生长、整体状况、防御机制调节并增加了海洋生物在对抗病原体时的存活率。海洋生物中使用的 HDBC 由弧菌属配制而成。裂解物、偏硅酸钠、磷酸和高度稀释的人类药物，如Silicea terra ^®、Phosphoricum acidum ^®、 Passival ^®和 VidatoX ^®，以及同毒 Heel ^®配合物。由于 HDBC 无害、便宜且易于通过浸泡或摄入使用，因此已被提议作为一种潜在的可持续替代品，以改善孵化条件下的海洋生物生产并减少化学疗法（包括抗生素和消毒剂）的使用。尽管如此，记录其作用方式（激活的生物过程和代谢途径）的文章很少。一些研究提出，某些 HDBC 激活了海洋生物的哨兵系统，例如非自我识别和内吞机制，而没有完全激活免疫防御机制。这一贡献为提高孵化场操作期间的生产力和成本效益以及同时加强免疫系统反应和海洋生物抵抗感染的生存带来了新的见解。因此，本综述讨论和分析了 HDBC 在全球具有商业重要性的物种以及墨西哥养殖的新兴水产养殖物种中的已发表结果。