We show that a one-dimensional ordered fermionic lattice system with power-law-decaying hopping, when connected to two baths at its two ends with different chemical potentials at zero temperature, features two phases showing subdiffusive scaling of conductance with system size. These phases have no analogues in the isolated system (i.e., in absence of the baths) where the transport is perfectly ballistic. In the open system scenario, interestingly, there occurs two chemical-potential-driven subdiffusive to ballistic phase transitions at zero temperature. We discuss how these phase transitions, to our knowledge, are different from all the known nonequilibrium quantum phase transitions. We provide a clear understanding of the microscopic origin of these phases and argue that the subdiffusive phases are robust against the presence of arbitrary number-conserving many-body interactions in the system. These phases showing subdiffusive scaling of conductance with system size in a two-terminal setup are therefore universal properties of all ordered one-dimensional number-conserving fermionic systems with power-law-decaying hopping at zero temperature.

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开放式清洁远程系统中的亚扩散相

我们展示了具有幂律衰减跳跃的一维有序费米子晶格系统，当在零温度下连接到其两端具有不同化学势的两个浴槽时，具有两个相，显示电导随系统尺寸的亚扩散缩放。这些相在传输完全弹道的隔离系统（即，没有浴槽）中没有类似物。在开放系统场景中，有趣的是，在零温度下会发生两种化学势驱动的亚扩散到弹道相变。我们讨论了这些相变，据我们所知，与所有已知的非平衡量子相变有何不同。我们清楚地了解了这些相的微观起源，并认为亚扩散相对于系统中任意数量守恒多体相互作用的存在是稳健的。因此，这些相在两端设置中显示出电导随系统尺寸的亚扩散缩放，是所有有序一维数守恒费米子系统在零温度下具有幂律衰减跳跃的普遍特性。