Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is one of the most important species of the Mentha genus, many of which are produced commercially on a large scale. Agro-morphological and phytochemical properties of 25 Iranian spearmint landraces were evaluated. The landraces were found to be significantly diverse phenotypically in terms of the following: plant height, main stem diameter, main stem length, number of lateral branches, number of leaves, length and width of fully grown leaves, length and width of inflorescence, fresh and dry weight, essential oil (EO) content and yield. The average dry weight yield, EO content, and yield of spearmint landraces were 520 g/m², 1.12% (v/w), and 5.8 mL/m², respectively. Overall, 40 constituents were recognized in the EOs, among which carvone (0.1–73.4%), menthone (0.1–62%), limonene (1.9–30.3%), neo-dihydro carveol (0.2–54.7%), pulegone (0.2–32.2%) and iso-menthone (0.03–26.3%) were the main components of all landraces, however, significant variation among them was detected. Among the tested landraces, Vardavard produced the highest content of EO, EO yield and indicated the highest carvone, respectively. Main stem length, fresh and dry weight yields significantly correlated with EO yield. Carvone showed a negative correlation with limonene. Morphological properties were not significant in terms of EO content and its constituents. In this research, it was obvious that the dendrogram differed more in morphological traits than phytochemical variables, which indicated the high potential of studied landraces for breeding programs.

留兰香 ( Mentha spicata L.) 是薄荷属中最重要的物种之一，其中许多已大规模商业化生产。评估了 25 种伊朗留兰香地方品种的农业形态和植物化学特性。发现地方品种在以下表型上存在显着差异：株高、主茎直径、主茎长度、侧枝数、叶数、完全长叶的长度和宽度、花序的长度和宽度、新鲜和干重、精油 (EO) 含量和产量。留兰香地方品种的平均干重产量、EO 含量和产量分别为 520 g/m ²、1.12% (v/w) 和 5.8 mL/m ²， 分别。总体而言，EO 中识别出 40 种成分，其中香芹酮 (0.1-73.4%)、薄荷酮 (0.1-62%)、柠檬烯 (1.9-30.3%)、新二氢香芹醇 (0.2-54.7%)、胡薄荷酮 (0.2 –32.2%) 和iso-薄荷酮 (0.03–26.3%) 是所有地方品种的主要成分，然而，检​​测到它们之间的显着差异。在测试的地方品种中，Vardavard 分别产生最高的 EO 含量、EO 产量和最高的香芹酮。主茎长度、鲜重和干重产量与EO产量显着相关。香芹酮与柠檬烯呈负相关。就 EO 含量及其成分而言，形态学特性并不显着。在这项研究中，很明显，树状图在形态特征上的差异大于植物化学变量，这表明所研究的地方品种在育种计划中具有很高的潜力。