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Creating and Protecting Paths: Learning in an Entrepreneurial State
Enterprise & Society ( IF 0.844 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-06 , DOI: 10.1017/eso.2021.54
Knut Sogner

This paper discusses how a Norwegian entrepreneurial state has performed over more than seventy years, based on an analysis of state involvement in Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk/the Kongsberg Group from 1945 and to 2015. Mariana Mazzucato has argued that bold technological investments by the state has long-term beneficial effects. The development of the Kongsberg companies adds nuance to this picture. On the one hand, the defense company Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk failed as a company in 1987 and was unbundled into a number of new companies independent of one another. On the other hand, some of the successor companies have been very successful, both in the oil and gas sector and within defense. Taking the defense and oil and gas company the Kongsberg Group as a case, this paper argues that a new style of entrepreneurial state developed in the 1990s and that it proved very successful. The old entrepreneurial state was heavy-handed, bold, and very long-term in its aims; the new entrepreneurial state was cautious, many-headed, and worked through the management of the company. The new entrepreneurial state combined state ownership, stock listing, and procurement considerations and was supported by both the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Defense. This new governance structure facilitated a stable corporation that over time integrated other Norwegian maritime electronics companies, which themselves had a checkered history under the old entrepreneurial state. A new corporate governance regime emerged and managed both to protect old and established product lines and to facilitate innovation both in defense and maritime electronics.



中文翻译:

创建和保护路径:在创业状态下学习

本文基于对 1945 年至 2015 年国家对 Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk/Kongsberg Group 的参与情况的分析,讨论了挪威创业型国家在 70 多年的表现如何。Mariana Mazzucato 认为,国家大胆的技术投资长期以来 -术语有益效果。Kongsberg 公司的发展为这幅画增添了细微差别。一方面,Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk 国防公司在 1987 年作为一家公司倒闭,并被拆分为多个相互独立的新公司。另一方面,一些继承公司在石油和天然气领域以及国防领域都非常成功。以国防和油气公司Kongsberg Group为例,本文认为,一种新型的创业型国家在 1990 年代发展起来,而且证明非常成功。旧的企业家国家是严厉的、大胆的,而且其目标非常长远。新的创业状态是谨慎的、多头的,并通过公司的管理来运作。新的创业国家结合了国有、股票上市和采购考虑,并得到了工业部和国防部的支持。这种新的治理结构促进了一个稳定的公司,随着时间的推移整合了其他挪威海事电子公司,这些公司本身在旧的企业国家下有着曲折的历史。

更新日期:2021-12-06
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