Probiotics colonize in the gastrointestinal tract and regulate the homeostasis in healthy human hosts. These protect the host against putrefactive organisms and secrete soluble factors exhibiting important transductive roles. However, constitutive processes in human host are deregulated following dysbiosis caused during prolonged exposure to cytotoxic agents and pollutants. Apart from restoring the homeostasis, probiotic administration has shown to minimize carcinogenesis and post-surgery complications in cancer patients. Moreover, ability of microbial cells to colonize at tumor foci can be harnessed to deliver genes, therapeutic proteins and antibodies in a selective manner. In this review, we have discussed immunomodulatory roles of probiotics in context to cancer prevention. The article further proposes the use of dietary interventions for boosting anticancer immunity and as an alternative to detrimental chemotherapeutic agents. After summarizing clinical evidences on probiotic efficacy, formulation approaches have been described for effective delivery of the microorganisms. The literature shows that polysaccharide matrices can be employed to achieve the survivability of probiotics. Formulation approaches have been reviewed together with the risks associated with the migration of live microorganisms to systemic circulation and their ability of transmitting antibiotic resistance factors into human pathogens.

中文翻译：

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免疫调节和抗癌免疫：回顾益生菌的潜力及其与大分子载体的传递

益生菌在胃肠道中定殖并调节健康人类宿主的体内平衡。这些保护宿主免受腐败生物的侵害，并分泌表现出重要转导作用的可溶性因子。然而，在长期暴露于细胞毒剂和污染物期间引起的生态失调后，人类宿主的组成过程被解除管制。除了恢复体内平衡外，益生菌给药已证明可以最大限度地减少癌症患者的致癌作用和术后并发症。此外，可以利用微生物细胞在肿瘤病灶定殖的能力以选择性方式递送基因、治疗性蛋白质和抗体。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了益生菌在预防癌症方面的免疫调节作用。该文章进一步提出了使用饮食干预来增强抗癌免疫力并作为有害化学治疗剂的替代品。在总结了益生菌功效的临床证据后，已经描述了用于有效递送微生物的制剂方法。文献表明，多糖基质可用于实现益生菌的存活率。制剂方法以及与活微生物迁移到体循环相关的风险及其将抗生素抗性因子传播到人类病原体中的能力进行了审查。已经描述了用于有效递送微生物的配制方法。文献表明，多糖基质可用于实现益生菌的存活率。制剂方法以及与活微生物迁移到体循环相关的风险及其将抗生素抗性因子传播到人类病原体中的能力进行了审查。已经描述了用于有效递送微生物的配制方法。文献表明，多糖基质可用于实现益生菌的存活率。制剂方法以及与活微生物迁移到体循环相关的风险及其将抗生素抗性因子传播到人类病原体中的能力进行了审查。