In vivo levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are critical to many physiological and pathological processes. Because of the distinct differences in their biological generation and effects, simultaneously visualizing both of them could help deepen our insights into the mechanistic details of these processes. However, real-time and deep-tissue imaging and differentiation of ROS- and RNS-related molecular events in living subjects still remain a challenge. Here, we report the development of two activatable ¹⁹F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) molecular probes with different ¹⁹F chemical shifts and specific responsive behaviors for simultaneous in vivo detection and deep-tissue imaging of O₂^•– and ONOO^–. These probes are capable of real-time visualization and differentiation of O₂^•– and ONOO^– in living mice with drug-induced acute kidney injury by interference-free multiplexed hot-spot ¹⁹F MRI, illustrating the potential of this technique for background-free real-time imaging of diverse biological processes, accurate diagnosis of various diseases in deep tissues, and rapid toxicity evaluation of assorted drugs.

中文翻译：

---

可激活的多路 19F 磁共振成像显示药物诱发的急性肾损伤中的活性氧和氮种类

体内活性氧 (ROS) 和活性氮 (RNS) 的水平对许多生理和病理过程至关重要。由于它们的生物生成和效应存在明显差异，同时将它们可视化有助于加深我们对这些过程的机械细节的了解。然而，活体受试者中 ROS 和 RNS 相关分子事件的实时和深层组织成像和分化仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们报告了两种可激活的¹⁹ F 磁共振成像 (MRI) 分子探针的开发，这些探针具有不同的¹⁹ F 化学位移和特定的响应行为，用于O _{2 的}同时体内检测和深部组织成像^•–和ONOO ^–。这些探针能够通过无干扰的多路复用热点¹⁹ F MRI实时可视化和区分 O ₂ ^•–和 ONOO ^–在患有药物性急性肾损伤的活体小鼠中，说明该技术在背景-多种生物过程的免费实时成像，深部组织各种疾病的准确诊断，以及各种药物的快速毒性评估。