Vocational training (VT) is an important lever for organisations and workers. Training efforts are made at various levels to integrate occupational safety and health (OSH) into VT. OSH training often focuses on basic knowledge and compliance with rules to be applied or enforced. However, activities in schools, internships and jobs involve complex OSH issues, which imply real skills to be integrated into the activity, in a real context. Without taking into account knowledge and activity in context, training content and approaches may have a limited scope and affect the transfer of learning to the work situation. Behavioural modelling to control attitudes to risk, through strict procedures, may be necessary, but other learning needs to take place. Training in safety rules is only one of the levers to be activated to prevent risks and develop a culture of prevention.

This article presents a critical review of the issues of OSH education in VT for students and teachers. The introduction will set the context, the issues and the scientific approach. A theoretical framework will position the issues of prescription from the point of view of an ergonomic approach. This will be followed by a review of initiatives to integrate OSH into training. In particular, two approaches to integrating OSH into teacher training in Quebec, in which the author has participated, will be presented. In conclusion, a summary of the key points will open up perspectives for the development of OSH management in VT, which could be useful in contexts other than Quebec.

职业培训 (VT) 是组织和工人的重要杠杆。培训工作在各个层面进行，以将职业安全与健康 (OSH) 纳入 VT。职业安全与卫生培训通常侧重于基本知识和遵守要应用或执行的规则。然而，学校、实习和工作中的活动涉及复杂的职业安全与卫生问题，这意味着在实际环境中将真正的技能融入活动中。如果不考虑上下文中的知识和活动，培训内容和方法的范围可能有限，并影响学习到工作情况的转移。通过严格的程序来控制对风险的态度的行为建模可能是必要的，但需要进行其他学习。

本文对学生和教师在 VT 中的职业安全与卫生教育问题进行了批判性回顾。引言将设定背景、问题和科学方法。理论框架将从人体工程学方法的角度定位处方问题。随后将审查将职业安全与卫生纳入培训的举措。特别是将介绍两种将职业安全与卫生融入魁北克教师培训的方法，作者曾参与其中。总之，关键点的总结将为 VT 职业安全与卫生管理的发展开辟前景，这在魁北克以外的环境中可能有用。