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Can a relationship buffer women leaders against the negative consequences of anger expression?
Journal of Vocational Behavior ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103665
Caryn J. Block 1 , Avina Gupta 1 , Aitong Li 1
Affiliation  

Previous research has demonstrated that while male leaders are rewarded for expressing anger in the workplace, female leaders are punished through negative characterizations and career outcomes. However this has primarily been demonstrated in situations where there is little familiarity between the leader and the target of the anger. The purpose of the current research is to examine whether a pre-existing relationship between a leader and an employee can buffer female leaders who express anger from negative characterizations and outcomes. Participants were given scenarios in which they were depicted as employees and their manager (either a male or a female) had expressed anger at them. In addition, half of the participants were told they had a pre-existing relationship with their manager while half were told they did not know their manager well. In study 1, with a graduate student sample, a pre-existing relationship buffered female managers who expressed anger from negative characterizations and career outcomes through attributing the anger more to external factors and less to internal factors. In study 2, with a national sample of working adults, both female and male managers were buffered when expressing anger in a pre-existing relationship through attributions, however, when controlling for attributions there was still a direct effect of pre-existing relationship that buffered female managers. Also, regardless of relationship status, female leaders were seen as violating gender stereotypes when expressing anger. In addition, female participants responded more negatively to anger expression, regardless of the gender of the leader or relationship status.



中文翻译:

一段关系能否让女性领导者免受愤怒表达的负面影响?

先前的研究表明,虽然男性领导者会因在工作场所表达愤怒而获得奖励,但女性领导者会因负面描述和职业结果而受到惩罚。然而,这主要在领导者和愤怒的目标之间几乎不熟悉的情况下得到证明。当前研究的目的是检查领导者和员工之间预先存在的关系是否可以缓冲因负面特征和结果而表达愤怒的女性领导者。参与者被描述为员工,他们的经理(男性或女性)对他们表示愤怒。此外,一半的参与者被告知他们与经理之前存在关系,而另一半则被告知他们不太了解他们的经理。在以研究生为样本的研究 1 中,通过将愤怒更多地归因于外部因素而不是内部因素,预先存在的关系缓冲了女性管理者从负面特征和职业结果中表达愤怒。在研究 2 中,在全国工作成年人样本中,女性和男性管理者在通过归因表达对已有关系的愤怒时都得到了缓冲,然而,当控制归因时,已有关系的直接影响仍然可以缓冲女经理。此外,无论人际关系状况如何,女性领导者在表达愤怒时都被视为违反了性别刻板印象。此外,无论领导者的性别或关系状况如何,女性参与者对愤怒表达的反应更为消极。在研究生样本中,先前存在的关系缓冲了女性管理者从负面特征和职业结果中表达愤怒,将愤怒更多地归因于外部因素而不是内部因素。在研究 2 中,在全国工作成年人样本中,女性和男性管理者在通过归因表达对已有关系的愤怒时都得到了缓冲,然而,当控制归因时,已有关系的直接影响仍然可以缓冲女经理。此外,无论人际关系状况如何,女性领导者在表达愤怒时都被视为违反了性别刻板印象。此外,无论领导者的性别或关系状况如何,女性参与者对愤怒表达的反应更为消极。在研究生样本中,先前存在的关系缓冲了女性管理者从负面特征和职业结果中表达愤怒,将愤怒更多地归因于外部因素而不是内部因素。在研究 2 中,在全国工作成年人样本中,女性和男性管理者在通过归因表达对已有关系的愤怒时都得到了缓冲,然而,当控制归因时,已有关系的直接影响仍然可以缓冲女经理。此外,无论人际关系状况如何,女性领导者在表达愤怒时都被视为违反了性别刻板印象。此外,无论领导者的性别或关系状况如何,女性参与者对愤怒表达的反应更为消极。通过将愤怒更多地归因于外部因素而不是内部因素,先前存在的关系缓冲了女性管理者对负面特征和职业结果的愤怒。在研究 2 中,在全国工作成年人样本中,女性和男性管理者在通过归因表达对已有关系的愤怒时都得到了缓冲,然而,当控制归因时,已有关系的直接影响仍然可以缓冲女经理。此外,无论人际关系状况如何,女性领导者在表达愤怒时都被视为违反了性别刻板印象。此外,无论领导者的性别或关系状况如何,女性参与者对愤怒表达的反应更为消极。通过将愤怒更多地归因于外部因素而不是内部因素,先前存在的关系缓冲了女性管理者对负面特征和职业结果的愤怒。在研究 2 中,在全国工作成年人样本中,女性和男性管理者在通过归因表达对已有关系的愤怒时都得到了缓冲,然而,当控制归因时,已有关系的直接影响仍然可以缓冲女经理。此外,无论人际关系状况如何,女性领导者在表达愤怒时都被视为违反了性别刻板印象。此外,无论领导者的性别或关系状况如何,女性参与者对愤怒表达的反应更为消极。

更新日期:2022-01-06
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