Due to the intensive use of fertilisers, soil degradation has become a global problem, leading to the depletion of organic matter and soil fertility. Meanwhile, the intensification of agriculture accompanied by urbanisation and industrialisation has drastically accelerated the waste generation rate. For instance, coal mining produces wastes in a large quantity globally, the majority of which end up in landfills or dump into storage dams. Accordingly, sustainable food production is driving global innovations to better utilise various waste materials to make value-added products, such as soil conditioners. Nowadays, soil conditioners are of great importance to improve plant growth and soil health and reduce chemical fertiliser use. This paper comprehensively reviews the soil conditioners derived from various agro-wastes and coal by-products. The process of producing soil conditioners and their sustainable applications in agriculture are also reviewed. Furthermore, sustainable approaches to recycle coal wastes are gaining increasing interest, and co-pelletisation of coal waste with agro-waste as a value-added soil conditioner to supplement soil nutrients in the agro-ecosystem has been proposed to improve the productivity of lands towards sustainable agricultural applications. This review highlights the possibility of turning coal wastes and organic wastes into revenue-earning products of environmental and economic values in the form of pellets for soil conditioning. But a multidisciplinary approach should be adopted to utilise the natural resources eco-friendly and cost-effectively, contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

由于化肥的大量使用，土壤退化已成为一个全球性问题，导致有机质和土壤肥力的枯竭。同时，伴随着城镇化和工业化的农业集约化，大大加快了垃圾的产生速度。例如，煤炭开采在全球范围内产生大量废物，其中大部分最终被填埋或倾倒到蓄水坝中。因此，可持续食品生产正在推动全球创新，以更好地利用各种废料来制造增值产品，例如土壤调节剂。如今，土壤调理剂对于改善植物生长和土壤健康以及减少化肥的使用具有重要意义。本文全面回顾了从各种农业废弃物和煤炭副产品中提取的土壤改良剂。还回顾了土壤调节剂的生产过程及其在农业中的可持续应用。此外，回收煤废料的可持续方法越来越受到关注，并且已提出将煤废料与农业废料共同造粒作为一种增值土壤调节剂，以补充农业生态系统中的土壤养分，以提高土地生产力可持续农业应用。本综述强调了将煤炭废物和有机废物转化为具有环境和经济价值的创收产品的可能性，这些产品以颗粒形式用于土壤调节。但应采用多学科方法，以生态友好和具有成本效益的方式利用自然资源，为联合国可持续发展目标做出贡献。