Three decades of research have demonstrated that biodiversity can promote the functioning of ecosystems. Yet, it is unclear whether the positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning will persist under various types of global environmental change drivers. We conducted a meta-analysis of 46 factorial experiments manipulating both species richness and the environment to test how global change drivers (i.e. warming, drought, nutrient addition or CO₂ enrichment) modulated the effect of biodiversity on multiple ecosystem functions across three taxonomic groups (microbes, phytoplankton and plants). We found that biodiversity increased ecosystem functioning in both ambient and manipulated environments, but often not to the same degree. In particular, biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning were larger in stressful environments induced by global change drivers, indicating that high-diversity communities were more resistant to environmental change. Using a subset of studies, we also found that the positive effects of biodiversity were mainly driven by interspecific complementarity and that these effects increased over time in both ambient and manipulated environments. Our findings support biodiversity conservation as a key strategy for sustainable ecosystem management in the face of global environmental change.

中文翻译：

---

尽管环境发生变化，生物多样性仍能促进生态系统功能

三年的研究表明，生物多样性可以促进生态系统的功能。然而，尚不清楚生物多样性对生态系统功能的积极影响是否会在各种全球环境变化驱动因素下持续存在。我们对操纵物种丰富度和环境的 46 个因子实验进行了荟萃分析，以测试全球变化驱动因素（即变暖、干旱、营养添加或 CO ₂富集）调节了生物多样性对三个分类群（微生物、浮游植物和植物）的多种生态系统功能的影响。我们发现生物多样性增加了环境和操纵环境中的生态系统功能，但通常程度不同。特别是，在全球变化驱动因素引起的压力环境中，生物多样性对生态系统功能的影响更大，这表明高度多样性的社区对环境变化的抵抗力更强。使用一部分研究，我们还发现生物多样性的积极影响主要是由种间互补性驱动的，并且这些影响在环境和操纵环境中随着时间的推移而增加。