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Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic bird diversity response to coffee farming intensity along an elevational gradient in Costa Rica
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107801
Otto Monge 1 , Stefan Dullinger 2 , Leonida Fusani 3, 4 , Christian H. Schulze 2
Affiliation  

The expansion of the agricultural frontier in the species-rich tropical regions of the world has generated conflicts between the need to secure food production and the conservation of biodiversity. As natural areas give way to farmlands, the future of sensitive taxa may depend on how intensively the crops are cultivated. In order to better understand the response of avian diversity to cultivation intensity in tropical farmlands, analyses of species richness are increasingly being complemented with information about the birds’ functional roles and evolutionary history. In this study, we analysed the association of several features of vegetation composition and structure, as indicators of cultivation intensity in coffee farms in Costa Rica, on the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic dimensions of avian biodiversity at the local scale across an approximately 2000 m elevational gradient. Bird detections and vegetation measurements were conducted at 120 randomly selected circular plots of 25 m radius, across 51 coffee farms. Using regression modelling and multi-model inference, we related six vegetation features to five biodiversity metrics in this system and evaluated whether the results differed among elevational zones. The most influential vegetation feature was the number of trees with a diameter-at-breast-height larger than 30 cm, promoting higher richness, functional redundancy and phylogenetic structure of avian species. Shade from canopy cover and the number of non-coffee crops increased species and phylogenetic richness, respectively. The effect of individual vegetation features on particular biodiversity metrics varied across elevation, possibly due to the idiosyncratic response of each dimension to the elevation gradient or because of local ecological processes. We conclude that vegetation features related to cultivation intensity have effects on avian diversity, but that these effects differ among biodiversity metrics and are sensitive to the environmental context. Consequently, targeted conservation management should be based on more comprehensive studies that include more than one biodiversity dimensions as well as variation in relevant environmental context. In general, our results suggest that, when designing conservation strategies for birds in coffee-dominated landscapes, there is likely no “one-size-fits-all” strategy.



中文翻译:

哥斯达黎加沿海拔梯度对咖啡种植强度的分类、功能和系统发育鸟类多样性响应

世界物种丰富的热带地区农业前沿的扩张在确保粮食生产和保护生物多样性的需要之间产生了冲突。随着自然区域让位于农田,敏感类群的未来可能取决于作物的种植密度。为了更好地了解鸟类多样性对热带农田栽培强度的反应,物种丰富度的分析越来越多地辅以有关鸟类功能作用和进化历史的信息。在这项研究中,我们分析了植被组成和结构的几个特征之间的关联,作为哥斯达黎加咖啡农场种植强度的指标,在​​分类学、跨越大约 2000 米海拔梯度的局部尺度鸟类生物多样性的功能和系统发育维度。鸟类检测和植被测量是在 51 个咖啡农场的 120 个随机选择的半径 25 m 的圆形地块上进行的。使用回归建模和多模型推理,我们将六个植被特征与该系统中的五个生物多样性指标相关联,并评估结果在不同海拔区域之间是否存在差异。最有影响的植被特征是胸径大于 30 cm 的树木数量,促进了鸟类物种的更高丰富度、功能冗余和系统发育结构。树冠覆盖的阴影和非咖啡作物的数量分别增加了物种和系统发育的丰富度。个别植被特征对特定生物多样性指标的影响因海拔而异,这可能是由于每个维度对海拔梯度的特殊反应或由于当地生态过程。我们得出结论,与种植强度相关的植被特征对鸟类多样性有影响,但这些影响因生物多样性指标而异,并且对环境背景很敏感。因此,有针对性的保护管理应基于更全面的研究,包括不止一个生物多样性维度以及相关环境背景的变化。总的来说,我们的结果表明,在为以咖啡为主的景观中的鸟类设计保护策略时,可能没有“一刀切”的策略。可能是由于每个维度对海拔梯度的特殊反应或由于当地的生态过程。我们得出结论,与种植强度相关的植被特征对鸟类多样性有影响,但这些影响因生物多样性指标而异,并且对环境背景很敏感。因此,有针对性的保护管理应基于更全面的研究,包括不止一个生物多样性维度以及相关环境背景的变化。总的来说,我们的结果表明,在为以咖啡为主的景观中的鸟类设计保护策略时,可能没有“一刀切”的策略。可能是由于每个维度对海拔梯度的特殊反应或由于当地的生态过程。我们得出结论,与种植强度相关的植被特征对鸟类多样性有影响,但这些影响因生物多样性指标而异,并且对环境背景很敏感。因此,有针对性的保护管理应基于更全面的研究,包括不止一个生物多样性维度以及相关环境背景的变化。总的来说,我们的结果表明,在为以咖啡为主的景观中的鸟类设计保护策略时,可能没有“一刀切”的策略。我们得出结论,与种植强度相关的植被特征对鸟类多样性有影响,但这些影响因生物多样性指标而异,并且对环境背景很敏感。因此,有针对性的保护管理应基于更全面的研究,包括不止一个生物多样性维度以及相关环境背景的变化。总的来说,我们的结果表明,在为以咖啡为主的景观中的鸟类设计保护策略时,可能没有“一刀切”的策略。我们得出结论,与种植强度相关的植被特征对鸟类多样性有影响,但这些影响因生物多样性指标而异,并且对环境背景很敏感。因此,有针对性的保护管理应基于更全面的研究,包括不止一个生物多样性维度以及相关环境背景的变化。总的来说,我们的结果表明,在为以咖啡为主的景观中的鸟类设计保护策略时,可能没有“一刀切”的策略。有针对性的保护管理应基于更全面的研究,包括不止一个生物多样性方面以及相关环境背景的变化。总的来说,我们的结果表明,在为以咖啡为主的景观中的鸟类设计保护策略时,可能没有“一刀切”的策略。有针对性的保护管理应基于更全面的研究,包括不止一个生物多样性方面以及相关环境背景的变化。总的来说,我们的结果表明,在为以咖啡为主的景观中的鸟类设计保护策略时,可能没有“一刀切”的策略。

更新日期:2021-12-02
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