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Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K Promotes Proliferation and Confers Sensitivity to Antiretroviral Drugs in Merlin-Negative Schwannoma and Meningioma
Cancer Research ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-15 , DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3857
Emmanuel A Maze 1 , Bora Agit 2 , Shona Reeves 2 , David A Hilton 3 , David B Parkinson 2 , Liyam Laraba 2 , Emanuela Ercolano 2 , Kathreena M Kurian 4 , C Oliver Hanemann 2 , Robert D Belshaw 1, 5 , Sylwia Ammoun 2
Affiliation  

Deficiency of the tumor suppressor Merlin causes development of schwannoma, meningioma, and ependymoma tumors, which can occur spontaneously or in the hereditary disease neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Merlin mutations are also relevant in a variety of other tumors. Surgery and radiotherapy are current first-line treatments; however, tumors frequently recur with limited treatment options. Here, we use human Merlin-negative schwannoma and meningioma primary cells to investigate the involvement of the endogenous retrovirus HERV-K in tumor development. HERV-K proteins previously implicated in tumorigenesis were overexpressed in schwannoma and all meningioma grades, and disease-associated CRL4DCAF1 and YAP/TEAD pathways were implicated in this overexpression. In normal Schwann cells, ectopic overexpression of HERV-K Env increased proliferation and upregulated expression of c-Jun and pERK1/2, which are key components of known tumorigenic pathways in schwannoma, JNK/c-Jun, and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK. Furthermore, FDA-approved retroviral protease inhibitors ritonavir, atazanavir, and lopinavir reduced proliferation of schwannoma and grade I meningioma cells. These results identify HERV-K as a critical regulator of progression in Merlin-deficient tumors and offer potential strategies for therapeutic intervention. Significance: The endogenous retrovirus HERV-K activates oncogenic signaling pathways and promotes proliferation of Merlin-deficient schwannomas and meningiomas, which can be targeted with antiretroviral drugs and TEAD inhibitors.

中文翻译:

人内源性 K 型逆转录病毒促进 Merlin 阴性神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤的增殖并赋予抗逆转录病毒药物敏感性

肿瘤抑制因子 Merlin 的缺乏会导致神经鞘瘤、脑膜瘤和室管膜瘤的发展,这些肿瘤可以自发或在遗传性疾病 2 型神经纤维瘤病 (NF2) 中发生。Merlin 突变也与多种其他肿瘤有关。手术和放疗是目前的一线治疗;然而,肿瘤经常复发,治疗选择有限。在这里,我们使用人类 Merlin 阴性神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤原代细胞来研究内源性逆转录病毒 HERV-K 在肿瘤发展中的作用。先前与肿瘤发生有关的 HERV-K 蛋白在神经鞘瘤和所有脑膜瘤等级中过表达,并且疾病相关的 CRL4DCAF1 和 YAP/TEAD 通路与这种过表达有关。在正常的雪旺细胞中,HERV-K Env 的异位过表达增加了 c-Jun 和 pERK1/2 的增殖和上调表达,它们是神经鞘瘤、JNK/c-Jun 和 RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK 中已知致瘤途径的关键组成部分。此外,FDA 批准的逆转录病毒蛋白酶抑制剂利托那韦、阿扎那韦和洛匹那韦减少了神经鞘瘤和 I 级脑膜瘤细胞的增殖。这些结果将 HERV-K 确定为 Merlin 缺陷型肿瘤进展的关键调节因子,并为治疗干预提供了潜在策略。意义:内源性逆转录病毒 HERV-K 激活致癌信号通路并促进 Merlin 缺陷型神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤的增殖,可以用抗逆转录病毒药物和 TEAD 抑制剂靶向。它们是神经鞘瘤、JNK/c-Jun 和 RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK 中已知致瘤途径的关键组成部分。此外,FDA 批准的逆转录病毒蛋白酶抑制剂利托那韦、阿扎那韦和洛匹那韦减少了神经鞘瘤和 I 级脑膜瘤细胞的增殖。这些结果将 HERV-K 确定为 Merlin 缺陷型肿瘤进展的关键调节因子,并为治疗干预提供了潜在策略。意义:内源性逆转录病毒 HERV-K 激活致癌信号通路并促进 Merlin 缺陷型神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤的增殖,可以用抗逆转录病毒药物和 TEAD 抑制剂靶向。它们是神经鞘瘤、JNK/c-Jun 和 RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK 中已知致瘤途径的关键组成部分。此外,FDA 批准的逆转录病毒蛋白酶抑制剂利托那韦、阿扎那韦和洛匹那韦减少了神经鞘瘤和 I 级脑膜瘤细胞的增殖。这些结果将 HERV-K 确定为 Merlin 缺陷型肿瘤进展的关键调节因子,并为治疗干预提供了潜在策略。意义:内源性逆转录病毒 HERV-K 激活致癌信号通路并促进 Merlin 缺陷型神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤的增殖,可以用抗逆转录病毒药物和 TEAD 抑制剂靶向。这些结果将 HERV-K 确定为 Merlin 缺陷型肿瘤进展的关键调节因子,并为治疗干预提供了潜在策略。意义:内源性逆转录病毒 HERV-K 激活致癌信号通路并促进 Merlin 缺陷型神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤的增殖,可以用抗逆转录病毒药物和 TEAD 抑制剂靶向。这些结果将 HERV-K 确定为 Merlin 缺陷型肿瘤进展的关键调节因子,并为治疗干预提供了潜在策略。意义:内源性逆转录病毒 HERV-K 激活致癌信号通路并促进 Merlin 缺陷型神经鞘瘤和脑膜瘤的增殖,可以用抗逆转录病毒药物和 TEAD 抑制剂靶向。
更新日期:2022-01-18
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