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The Depravity Standard for Violent Crimes
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology ( IF 1.645 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 , DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211058959
Michael Welner 1 , Kate Y O'Malley 1 , James Gonidakis 1 , Samantha Blair 1
Affiliation  

In violent crime cases, aggravating factors in United States criminal codes, such as “heinous,” “atrocious,” or “depraved,” are used to distinguish elements of the crime warranting more severe sentencing. These aggravating terms are vaguely defined and applied arbitrarily in violent cases. This paper details the development of a 25 item Depravity Standard to operationalize an evidence-based approach to distinguishing the worst of violent crimes. The items were applied to 393 detailed case files drawn from several American jurisdictions to develop and refine the item definitions, determine interrater reliability, and mine for the frequency of each item’s occurrence. This information was combined with 1,590 participant responses ranking the relative depravity of each item to develop a straightforward scoring system for measuring depravity in violent cases. The Depravity Standard guide can seamlessly be applied to identify the worst violent crimes, and provide support for those cases that may deserve leniency or early-release.



中文翻译:

暴力犯罪的堕落标准

在暴力犯罪案件中,美国刑法中的加重因素,如“令人发指的”、“残暴的”或“堕落的”,被用来区分需要更严厉量刑的犯罪要素。这些加重处罚的术语定义模糊,在暴力案件中任意适用。本文详细介绍了 25 项堕落标准的制定过程,以实施基于证据的方法来区分最严重的暴力犯罪。这些项目被应用到来自美国多个司法管辖区的 393 个详细案例档案中,以开发和完善项目定义、确定参与者间的可靠性并挖掘每个项目出现的频率。该信息与 1 相结合,590 名参与者的回答对每个项目的相对堕落程度进行了排名,以开发一个简单的评分系统来衡量暴力案件中的堕落程度。《堕落标准》指南可以无缝地应用于识别最严重的暴力犯罪,并为那些可能值得宽大处理或提前释放的案件提供支持。

更新日期:2021-12-02
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