Acute aortic syndromes represent a spectrum of life-threatening aortic pathologies. Prompt diagnosis and proper management of these syndromes are important in reducing overall mortality and morbidity, which remains high. Acute aortic dissections represent most of these aortic wall pathologies, but intramural haematomas and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers have been increasingly diagnosed. Type A dissections require prompt surgical treatment, with endovascular options on the horizon. Type B dissections can be complicated or uncomplicated, and treatment is determined based on this designation. Complicated Type B dissections require prompt repair with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) becoming the preferred method. Uncomplicated Type B dissections require medical management, but early TEVAR in the subacute setting is becoming more prominent. Proper surveillance for an uncomplicated Type B dissection is crucial in detecting aortic degeneration and need for intervention. Intramural haematomas and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers are managed similarly to aortic dissections, but more research is needed to determine the proper management algorithms. Multi-disciplinary aortic programmes have been shown to improve patient outcomes and are necessary in optimizing long-term follow-up.

中文翻译：

---

急性主动脉综合征：回顾我们所知道的和未来的考虑

急性主动脉综合征代表了一系列危及生命的主动脉病变。及时诊断和适当管理这些综合征对于降低总体死亡率和发病率非常重要，而总体死亡率和发病率仍然很高。急性主动脉夹层代表了大多数这些主动脉壁病变，但越来越多地诊断出壁内血肿和穿透性动脉粥样硬化性溃疡。A 型夹层需要及时的手术治疗，血管内的选择即将出现。B 型夹层可以是复杂的也可以是不复杂的，治疗是根据这个名称来确定的。复杂的 B 型夹层需要及时修复，胸腔内主动脉修复 (TEVAR) 成为首选方法。简单的 B 型夹层需要医疗管理，但亚急性环境中的早期 TEVAR 正变得越来越突出。对不复杂的 B 型夹层进行适当监测对于检测主动脉退化和是否需要干预至关重要。壁内血肿和穿透性动脉粥样硬化性溃疡的处理与主动脉夹层相似，但需要更多的研究来确定适当的处理算法。多学科主动脉计划已被证明可以改善患者的预后，并且对于优化长期随访是必要的。