Continuous and unabated land degradation in India is a threat to agricultural sustainability while increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and precipitation intensification are going to further aggravate degradation in future. The timely adoption of integrated land and water conservation technologies minimises erosion and provides significant adaptation and mitigation co-benefits. The objectives of this study were to assess the mitigation potential of soil and water conservation technologies and also the feasibility of making villages carbon positive. The extent of minimisation of soil loss due to soil conservation technologies ranges from 0.10 to 21.65 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, while carbon emissions minimised range from 0.73 to 158.77 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Emission minimisation from various water management technologies in rice ranges from 73.0 to 507.9 kg CO₂ equivalents ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Agroforestry practices can sequester 8.64 to 52.77 Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ besides enhancing system productivity, arresting soil erosion and carbon loss through erosion. Integration of multiple technologies in a farming system further enhances the adaptation and mitigation benefits. Adoption of conservation technologies resulted in a net carbon balance of 0.05–1.23 CO₂ Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in 9 villages in India, indicating net positive carbon balance due to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration. Building carbon positive villages is a potential approach for preventing land degradation, while enhancing productivity, mitigating climate change and realising the sustainable development goals. Building capacities of communities and establishing institutions in villages are essential for upscaling and maintaining of soil and water conservation structures and community assets in the village. Furthermore, prioritisation and scaling of location specific land and water conservation technologies hold the key to establish carbon-positive villages.

中文翻译：

---

印度建设碳正村庄的水土保持技术

印度持续且有增无减的土地退化对农业可持续性构成威胁，而气温升高、降雨模式变化和降水加剧将在未来进一步加剧退化。及时采用综合水土保持技术可以最大限度地减少侵蚀，并提供显着的适应和缓解协同效益。本研究的目的是评估水土保持技术的减缓潜力，以及使村庄碳正向的可行性。由于土壤保持技术，土壤流失最小化范围为 0.10 至 21.65 Mg ha ^-1  yr ^-1，而碳排放最小化范围为 0.73 至 158.77 kg ha ^-1  yr^-1。水稻中各种水管理技术的排放最小化范围为 73.0 至 507.9 kg CO ₂当量 ha ^-1  yr ^-1。除了提高系统生产力、阻止土壤侵蚀和因侵蚀引起的碳损失外，农林业实践可以隔离 8.64 至 52.77 Mg CO ₂ ha ^-1  yr ^{-1 。}在农业系统中整合多种技术可进一步提高适应和减缓效益。采用保护技术导致净碳平衡为 0.05–1.23 CO ₂ Mg ha ^-1  yr ^-1在印度的 9 个村庄，由于温室气体排放和碳封存的减少，表明净正碳平衡。建设碳积极村庄是防止土地退化、提高生产力、减缓气候变化和实现可持续发展目标的一种潜在方法。在村庄建设社区能力和建立机构对于提升和维护村庄的水土保持结构和社区资产至关重要。此外，特定地点的水土保持技术的优先级和规模化是建立碳积极村庄的关键。